Justin Martyr, Apologia I

Προλέγομεν γὰρ ὑμῖν φυλάξασθαι, μὴ οἱ προδιαβεβλημένοι ὑφ᾿ ἡμῶν δαίμονες ἐξαπατήσωσιν ὑμᾶς καὶ ἀποτρέψωσι τοῖ ὅλως ἐντυχεῖν καὶ συνεῖναι τὰ λεγόμενα (ἀγωνίζονται γὰρ ἔχειν ὑμᾶς δούλους καὶ ὑπηρέτας, καὶ ποτὲ μὲν δι᾿ ὀνείρων ἐπιφανείας, ποτὲ δ᾿ αὖ διὰ μαγικῶν στροφῶν χειροῦνται πάντας τοὺς οὐκ ἔσθ᾿ ὅπως ὑπὲρ τῆς αὐτῶν σωτηρίας ἀγωνιζομένους), ὅν τρόπον καὶ ἡμεῖς μετὰ τὸ τῷ λόγῳ πεισθῆναι ἐκείνων μὲν ἀπέστημεν, θεῷ δὲ μόνῳ ἀγεννήτῳ διὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ ἑπόμεθα· οἱ πάλαι μὲν πορνείαις χαίροντες, νῦν δὲ σωφροσύνην μόνην ἀσπαζόμενοι· οἱ δὲ καὶ μαγικαῖς τέχναις χρώμενοι, νῦν ἀγαθῷ καὶ ἀγεννήτῳ θεῷ ἑαυτοὺς ἀνατεθεικότες· χρημάτων δὲ καὶ κτημάτων οἱ πόρους παντὸς μᾶλλον στέργοντες, νῦν καὶ ἃ ἔχομεν εἰς κοινὸν φέροντες καὶ παντὶ δεομένῳ κοινωνοῦντες· οἱ μισάλληλοι δὲ καὶ ἀλληλοφόνοι καὶ πρὸς τοὺς οὐχ ὁμοφύλους διὰ τὰ ἔθη καὶ ἑστίας κοινὰς μὴ ποιούμενοι, νῦν μετὰ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν τοῦ Χριστοῦ ὁμοδίαιτοι γινόμενοι, καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐχθρῶν εὐχόμενοι, καὶ τοὺς ἀδίκως μισοῦντας πείθειν πειρώμενοι, ὅπως οἱ κατὰ τὰς τοῦ Χριστοῦ καλὰς ὑποθημοσύνας βιώσαντες εὐέλπιδες ὧσι σὺν ἡμῖν τῶν αὐτῶν παρὰ τοῦ πάντων δεσπόζοντος θεοῦ τυχεῖν. Ἵνα δὲ μὴ σοφίζεσθαι ὑμᾶς δόξωμεν, ὀλίγων τινῶν τῶν παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ τοῖ Χριστοῦ διδαγμάτων ἐπιμνησθῆναι καλῶς ἔχειν πρὸ τῆς ἀποδείξεως ἡγησάμεθα, καὶ ὑμέτερον ἔστω ὡς δυνατῶν βασιλέων ἐξετάσαι, εἰ ἀληθῶς ταῦτα δεδιδάγμεθα καὶ διδάσκομεν. Βραχεῖς δὲ καὶ σύντομοι παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ λόγοι γεγόνασιν· οὐ γὰρ σοφιστὴς ὑπῆρχεν, ἀλλὰ δύναμις θεοῦ ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ ἦν.

For we warn you in advance to be on your guard, lest the demons whom we have been accusing deceive you and turn you away from reading and understanding what we say at all (for they strive to have you as slaves and servants, and sometimes through appearances in dreams, sometimes again through magical tricks, they subdue all who make no effort at all for their own salvation), just as we too, after being persuaded by the Word, have withdrawn from them, and follow the only unbegotten God through his Son: we who formerly delighted in fornication now embrace self-control alone; we who also used magical arts have now dedicated ourselves to the good and unbegotten God; we who valued the means of gaining money and possessions above everything now bring what we have into a common stock and share with everyone in need; we who hated and killed one another, and because of [their] customs would not share a hearth with those not of our own race, now, after the appearance of Christ, live at one table, and pray for our enemies, and try to persuade those who hate us unjustly, so that those who live according to the good precepts of Christ may have good hope of obtaining with us the same things from God, the master of all. And so that we may not seem to be using sophistry on you, we have thought it well, before the proof, to recall a few of the teachings given by Christ himself; and let it be your task, as powerful kings, to examine whether we have truly been taught and do teach these things. Short and concise were the sayings that came from him; for he was no sophist, but his word was the power of God.

Ἀποβλέψατε γὰρ πρὸς τὸ τέλος ἑκάστου τῶν γενομένων βασιλέων, ὅτι τὸν κοινὸν πᾶσι θάνατον ἀπέθανον· ὅπερ εἰ εἰς ἀναισθησίαν ἐχώρει, ἕρμαιον ἂν ἦν τοῖς ἀδίκοις πᾶσιν. Ἀλλ᾿ ἐπεὶ καὶ αἴσθησις πᾶσι γενομένοις μένει καὶ κόλασις αἰωνία ἀπόκειται, μὴ ἀμελήσητε πεισθῆναί τε καὶ πιστεῦσαι ὅτι ἀληθῆ ταῦτά ἐστι. Νεκυομαντεῖαι μὲν γὰρ καὶ αἱ ἀδιαφθόρων παίδων ἐποπτεύσεις καὶ ψυχῶν ἀνθρωπίνων κλήσεις καὶ οἱ λεγόμενοι παρὰ τοῖς μάγοις ὀνειροπομποὶ καὶ πάρεδροι καὶ τὰ γινόμενα ὑπὸ τῶν ταῦτα εἰδότων πεισάτωσαν ὑμᾶς, ὅτι καὶ μετὰ θάνατον ἐν αἰσθήσει εἰσὶν αἱ ψυχαί, καὶ οἱ ψυχαῖς ἀποθανόντων λαμβανόμενοι καὶ ῥιπτούμενοι ἄνθρωποι, οὓς δαιμονιολήπτους καὶ μαινομένους καλοῦσι πάντες, καὶ τὰ παρ᾿ ὑμῖν λεγόμενα μαντεῖα Ἀμφιλόχου καὶ Δωδώνης καὶ Πυθοῦς, καὶ ὅσα ἄλλα τοιαῦτά ἐστι, καὶ τὰ τῶν συγγραφέων διδάγματα, Ἐμπεδοκλέους καὶ Πυθαγόρου, Πλάτωνός τε καὶ Σωκράτους καὶ ὁ παρ᾿ Ὁμήρῳ βόθρος καὶ ἡ κάθοδος Ὀδυσσέως εἰς τὴν τούτων ἐπίσκεψιν καὶ τῶν τὰ αὐτὰ τούτοις εἰπόντων· οἷς κἂν ὁμοίως ἡμᾶς ἀποδέξασθε, οὐχ ἧττον ἐκείνων θεῷ πιστεύοντας ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον, οἳ καὶ τὰ νεκρούμενα καὶ εἰς γῆν βαλλόμενα πάλιν ἀπολήψεσθαι ἑαυτῶν σώματα προσδοκῶμεν, ἀδύνατον μηδὲν εἶναι θεῷ λέγοντες.

For look at the end of each of the kings who have been, how they died the death common to all; and if this led to insensibility, it would be a godsend to all the unjust. But since sensation remains for all who have ever lived, and eternal punishment is laid up, do not neglect to be persuaded and to believe that these things are true. For let necromancies, and the inspections made through uncorrupted boys, and the summoning of human souls, and those whom the magicians call dream-senders and attendant spirits, and the things done by those who know these arts, persuade you that even after death souls are in a state of sensation; and [so too] the men who are seized and thrown about by the souls of the dead, whom everyone calls demon-possessed and mad; and what you call the oracles of Amphilochus and Dodona and Pytho, and all others of that kind; and the teachings of the writers, Empedocles and Pythagoras, Plato and Socrates, and the pit in Homer, and the descent of Odysseus to inspect these things, and [the teachings] of those who have said the same as they. Accept us at least as you accept them, since we believe in God not less than they, but more, we who expect to receive back our own bodies even when they are dead and cast into the earth, saying that nothing is impossible for God.

Τρίτον δ᾿ ὅτι καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἀνέλευσιν τοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς οὐρανὸν προεβάλλοντο οἱ δαίμονες ἀνθρώπους τινὰς λέγοντας ἑαυτοὺς εἶναι θεούς, οἳ οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐδιώχθησαν ὑφ᾿ ὑμῶν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τιμῶν κατηξιώθησαν. Σίμωνα μέν τινα Σαμαρέα, τὸν ἀπὸ κώμης λεγομένης Γιττῶν, ὃς ἐπὶ Κλαυδίου Καίσαρος διὰ τῆς τῶν ἐνεργούντων δαιμόνων τέχνης δυνάμεις ποιήσας μαγικὰς ἐν τῇ πόλει ὑμῶν βασιλίδι Ῥώμῃ θεὸς ἐνομίσθη καὶ ἀνδριάντι παρ᾿ ὑμῶν ὡς θεὸς τετίμηται, ὃς ἀνδριὰς ἀνεγήγερται ἐν τῷ Τίβερι ποταμῷ μεταξὺ τῶν δύο γεφυρῶν, ἔχων ἐπιγραφὴν Ῥωμαϊκὴν ταύτην· SIMONI DEO SANCTO. Καὶ σχεδὸν πάντες μὲν Σαμαρεῖς, ὀλίγοι δὲ καὶ ἐν ἄλλοις ἔθνεσιν, ὡς τὸν πρῶτον θεὸν ἐκεῖνον ὁμολογοῦντες προσκυνοῦσι· καὶ Ἑλένην τινά, τὴν συμπερινοστήσασαν αὐτῷ κατ᾿ ἐκεῖνο τοῦ καιροῦ, πρότερον ἐπὶ τέγους σταθεῖσαν, τὴν ὑπ αὐτοῦ ἔννοιαν πρώτην γενομένην λέγουσι. Μένανδρον δέ τινα, καὶ αὐτὸν Σαμαρέα, τὸν ἀπὸ κώμης Καππαρεταίας, γενόμενον μαθητὴν τοῦ Σίμωνος, ἐνεργηθέντα καὶ αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τῶν δαιμονίων καὶ ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ γενόμενον, πολλοὺς ἐξαπατῆσαι διὰ μαγικῆς τέχνης οἴδαμεν, ὃς καὶ τοὺς αὐτῷ ἑπομένους ὡς μηδὲ ἀποθνήσκοιεν ἔπεισε· καὶ νῦν εἰσί τινες ἀπ᾿ ἐκείνου τοῦτο ὁμολογοῦντες. Μαρκίωνα δέ τινα Ποντικόν, ὃς καὶ νῦν ἔτι ἐστὶ διδάσκων τοὺς πειθομένους, ἄλλον τινὰ νομίζειν μείζονα τοῦ δημιουργοῦ θεόν· ὃς κατὰ πᾶν γένος ἀνθρώπων διὰ τῆς τῶν δαιμόνων συλλήψεως πολλοὺς πεποίηκε βλασφημίας λέγειν καὶ ἀρνεῖσθαι τὸν ποιητὴν τοῦδε τοῦ παντὸς θεὸν ἄλλον δέ τινα, ὡς ὄντα μείζονα, τὰ μείζονα παρὰ τοῦτον ὁμολογεῖν πεποιηκέναι. Πάντες οἱ ἀπὸ τούτων ὁρμώμενοι, ὡς ἔφημεν, Χριστιανοὶ καλοῦνται, ὃν τρόπον καὶ οἱ οὐ κοινωνοῦντες τῶν αὐτῶν δογμάτων ἐν τοῖς φιλοσόφοις τὸ ἐπικατηγορούμενον ὄνομα τῆς φιλοσοφίας κοινὸν ἔχουσιν. Εἰ δὲ καὶ τὰ δύσφημα ἐκεῖνα μυθολογούμενα ἔργα πράττουσι, λυχνίας μὲν ἀνατροπὴν καὶ τὰς ἀνέδην μίξεις καὶ ἀνθρωπείων σαρκῶν βοράς, οὐ γινώσκομεν· ἀλλ᾿ ὅτι μὴ διώκονται μηδὲ φονεύονται ὑφ᾿ ὑμῶν, κἂν διὰ τὰ δόγματα, ἐπιστάμεθα. Ἔστι δὲ ἡμῖν καὶ σύνταγμα κατὰ πασῶν τῶν γεγενημένων αἱρέσεων συντεταγμένον, (??) εἰ βούλεσθε ἐντυχεῖν, δώσομεν.

Third, that even after Christ's ascent into heaven the demons put forward certain men who said that they themselves were gods, who were not only not persecuted by you but were even thought worthy of honours. [They put forward] a certain Simon, a Samaritan, from a village called Gitta, who in the time of Claudius Caesar, through the art of the demons at work [in him], performed magical powers in your imperial city of Rome and was considered a god, and has been honoured by you with a statue as a god; this statue has been set up on the river Tiber between the two bridges, bearing this Latin inscription: SIMONI DEO SANCTO [To Simon the holy god]. And almost all the Samaritans, and a few also among other nations, acknowledge him as the first god and worship him; and a certain Helen, who went about with him at that time and had earlier stood in a brothel, they call the first Thought that came from him. And we know that a certain Menander, also a Samaritan, from the village of Capparetaea, who became a disciple of Simon, was likewise driven by the demons, and was in Antioch, deceived many through magic art; he even persuaded his followers that they would not die; and even now there are some from his [school] who profess this. And a certain Marcion of Pontus, who is even now still teaching those who are persuaded by him to believe in some other god greater than the creator; who, among every race of men, with the help of the demons, has made many speak blasphemies and deny that the maker of this universe is God, and profess that another, as being greater, has done greater things than he. All who start from these, as we said, are called Christians, just as those among the philosophers who do not share the same doctrines still have in common the name of philosophy that is applied to them. Whether they also do those infamous deeds that are told of, the overturning of the lamp, and unrestrained intercourse, and the eating of human flesh, we do not know; but that they are not persecuted or put to death by you, at least for their doctrines, we do know. We also have a treatise composed against all the heresies that have arisen, which, if you wish to read it, we will give [you].

Ὅπως δὲ μή τις εἴπῃ ἀντιτιθεὶς ἡμῖν, τί κωλί ει καὶ τὸν παρ᾿ ἡμῖν λεγόμενον Χριστόν, ἄνθρωπον ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ὄντα, μαγικῇ τέχνῃ ἃς λέγομεν δυνάμεις πεποιηκέναι καὶ δόξαι διὰ τοῦτο υἱὸν θεοῦ εἶναι, τήν ἀπόδειξιν ἤδη ποιησόμεθα, οὐ τοῖς λέγουσι πιστεύοντες, ἀλλὰ τοῖς προφητεύουσι πρὶν ἢ γενέσθαι κατ᾿ ἀνάγκην πειθόμενοι, διὰ τὸ καὶ ὄψει ὡς προεφητεύθη ὁρᾶν γενόμενα καὶ γινόμενα, ἥπερ μεγίστη καὶ ἀληθεστάτη ἀπόδειξις καὶ ὑμῖν, ὡς νομίζομεν, φανήσεται.

But lest anyone should object to us, What prevents the one whom we call Christ, being a man born of men, from having done the powers we speak of by magic art, and from having seemed for this reason to be the son of God? we will now make our proof, not trusting those who [merely] assert, but of necessity believing those who prophesied [things] before they happened, because we see with our own eyes things that have happened and are happening as they were prophesied; and this, we think, will appear to you too the greatest and truest proof.