Gylfaginning

Gẏlꝼi konungr reð þar lonꝺum er nu heiter ſviþioð ꝼra honum er þat ſagt at hann

King Gylfi ruled the lands that are now called Sweden. It is told of him that he

gaꝼ æinni ꝼaranꝺí konu at launum ſkemtanar ſinnar æítt plogſ lanꝺ i ríkí

gave a certain wandering woman, as payment for her entertainment, one plough's worth of land in his

ſínu þat er ꝼioꝛer ǫxn ꝺꝛægí upp ꝺag ok nott. en ſu kona var æín aꝼ aſa

kingdom, as much as four oxen could plough up in a day and a night. But this woman was one of the Æsir's

ætt. hon er neꝼnꝺ geꝼion. hon tok .iiii. oxn noꝛꝺan oꝛ iotun heímum

kin. She is named Gefjon. She took four oxen from the north, out of Jötunheim;

En þat voꝛu ſẏner jotunſ nokkurſ ok hennar ok ſetti þa ꝼyrir plog. enn plogrinn gekk sua bꝛeitt

and they were the sons of a certain giant and of her. She set them before the plough, and the plough went so wide

ok ꝺiupt at upp læẏſti lanꝺit ok ꝺꝛogu oxnerner þat lanꝺ ut um haꝼit ok veſtr ok namu

and deep that it tore the land loose, and the oxen drew that land out onto the sea and westward, and came

ſtaðar i ſunꝺí nokkuru. þar ſettí geꝼion lanꝺít ok gaꝼ naꝼn ok kallaði ſelunꝺ

to a halt in a certain sound. There Gefjon set the land down and gave it a name and called it Zealand.

. enn þar ſem lanꝺit haꝼði upp gengit var þar epter vatn. þat er

And where the land had been taken up, a lake was left behind. It is

nu logrinn kallaðꝛ i ſviþioð. Ok liggia ſva víkr í legínum ſem neſ i ſælunꝺe

now called Lögrinn in Sweden. And the inlets lie in the lake just as the headlands in Zealand.

. Sua ſeger bꝛagí gamlí. Geꝼion ꝺꝛo ꝼra gẏlꝼa gloð ꝺiuproðul.

So says Bragi the Old: Gefjon drew from Gylfi, glad, the deep disc

ǫðla ſua at aꝼ renní rauknum rauk ꝺanmarkar auka. baru ǫxn Ok

of estates, so that steam rose from the running beasts, Denmark's increase. The oxen bore, too,

ꜳtta enní tungl þar er gengu ꝼyrir vinæẏia viðꝛí valroꝼ ꝼiogur hoꝼuð

eight brow-moons, where they went before the wide field-plunder of the meadow-isle, [and] four heads.

Gẏlꝼí er maðꝛ neꝼnꝺꝛ hann var konungr ok ꝼiolkunnigr

There was a man named Gylfi; he was a king and skilled in magic.

hann unꝺraðiz þat er aaſa ꝼolk var ſua kunnikt at aller luter gioꝛðuz at þeira

He wondered that the Æsir folk were so knowledgeable that all things went according to their

vilía ok hugſaði hann hvart þat munꝺi vera aꝼ eðli ſialꝼra þeiꝛa eða munꝺí þi vallꝺa

will, and he wondered whether that came from their own nature, or whether the cause of it would be

guð mǫgn þau er þeiꝛ blotuðu. hann bẏriaðí ꝼerð ſína til aſgarðz ok ꝼoꝛ með læẏnꝺ Ok

the divine powers to whom they sacrificed. He set out on his journey to Ásgard, and went in secret, and

bra a ſik gamalſ mannz likí ok ꝺulðiz ſua. en æser voꝛu þi viſarí at þeir hoꝼðu

took on the likeness of an old man, and so disguised himself. But the Æsir were the wiser in this, that they had

ſpaꝺom ok ſa þeir ꝼerð hans ꝼẏʀ̇ enn hann kom ok gioꝛðu imot honum ſionhverꝼingar. Ok

the gift of prophecy, and they saw his journey before he came, and made illusions against him. And

var lagt gẏllꝺum ſkiollꝺum ſem ſpan þak. Sua ſeger þioðolꝼr enn hvinverſki at valholl

was laid with gilded shields, like a shingled roof. So says Thjodolf of Hvinir, that Valhalla

var ſkiollꝺum þokt. a baki letu blikia barðer voꝛu griotí ſuaꝼniſ ſalnæꝼrar

was thatched with shields: On their backs they let gleam (they were battered with stones) Svafnir's hall-bark,

ok þaðan i niꝼlhel. þat er niðꝛ i hinn niunꝺa hæim. þa mælti Gangleri. hvat haꝼðiz hann

and from there into Niflhel; that is down in the ninth world. Then Gangleri said: What was he doing

mælti. hvat var upphaꝼ eða hverſu hoꝼz eða hvat var aðꝛ. har ſarar Sva ſem ſeger i vǫlu ſpa.

said: What was the beginning, or how did it start, or what was there before? High answers: As it says in Völuspá:

Ar var allꝺa þat er ekki var varat ſanꝺꝛ ne ſiar ne ſvalar unnir ioꝛð ꝼannz ęꝼa ne

It was early in the ages, when nothing was; there was neither sand nor sea nor cool waves; earth was nowhere found, nor

upp himinn gap var ginnunga enn graſ ekki. þa mælti Iaꝼnhaar. Fẏʀ̇ var þat moꝛgum

heaven above; there was the gap of Ginnunga, and grass nowhere. Then Just-as-High said: It was many

ollꝺum enn ioꝛð værí ſkoput er niꝼlhæimr var gioꝛr ok i honum miðium liggꝛ bꝛunnr ſa er

ages before the earth was made that Niflheim was made, and in the middle of it lies the spring that

hvergelmer heiter ok þaðan aꝼ ꝼalla þær aar er sua heita. Svol. Gunnþra. Fioꝛm. ꝼimbulþul

is called Hvergelmir, and from it flow the rivers that are called: Svöl, Gunnthrá, Fjörm, Fimbulthul,

. Sliðꝛ ok hrið. Sẏlgr ok ẏlgr. Viꝺ. Leiptr. Giǫll er næſt helgrinꝺum. þa mælti þriði

Slíd and Hríd, Sylg and Ylg, Víd, Leiptr; Gjöll is next to the gates of Hel. Then Third said:

Fẏrſt var þo ſa hæimr i ſuðꝛ haalꝼu er muſpell heiter hann er lioſſ ok heitr loganꝺi

First, though, there was that world in the southern region which is called Muspell; it is bright and hot; flaming

er hann ok brenanꝺi ok uꝼæʀ̇ þeim er þar eru utlenꝺer ok æigi eigu þar oðul. Sa er ſurtr

and burning it is too, and impassable for those who are foreigners there and have no inherited land there. There is one, Surt

neꝼnꝺꝛ er þar ſitr a lanꝺz enꝺa til lanꝺvarnar. hann heꝼer loganꝺa ſverð ok i enꝺa verallꝺar

by name, who sits there at the land's end to defend the land. He has a flaming sword, and at the end of the world

hrimí ok iok hvert hrimið ẏꝼer annat allt i ginnunga gap. þa mælti Iaꝼn haar. Ginnunga gap

into rime, and layer upon layer of rime built up, all the way into Ginnungagap. Then Just-as-High said: Ginnungagap,

var ſua líett ſem lopt vinꝺlauſt. Ok þa er mættí hriminu blær hítanſ ſua at braðnaði

was as light as windless air. And when the breath of the heat met the rime, so that it melted

ok ꝺꝛaup ok aꝼ þeim kviku ꝺꝛopum kviknaði með kraptí þeſſ er til ſenꝺí hitann

and dripped, then from those living drops there quickened [life], by the power of the one who sent the heat,

ok varð mannz likínꝺí ok er ſa neꝼnꝺꝛ ẏmer. enn hrimþuſſar kalla hann aurgelmí ok eru

and it became the likeness of a man, and he is named Ymir. But the frost-giants call him Aurgelmir, and

þaðan komnar ætter hrímþuſſa sua ſem ſeger i vǫlu ſpa hinni ſkǫmmu. eru vǫlur allar

from him have come the races of the frost-giants, as it says in the Short Voluspa: "All the seeresses are

ꝼra viðolꝼi vitkar aller ꝼra vilmeiði enn ſeiðberenꝺr ꝼra ſvarthoꝼða iotnar aller ꝼra ẏmí komner.

from Vidolf, all the wizards from Vilmeid, and the seiðr-bearers [practitioners of a kind of magic] from Svarthofdi; all the giants have come from Ymir."

guð vera. hann var illr ok aller hans ætt menn. þa kollum ver hrímþurſa. en ſua er ſagt at þa er hann ſvaꝼ

to be a god. He was evil, and all his kinsmen; we call them frost giants. And so it is said that when he slept

ꝼekk hann ſveíta. þa vox unꝺer vinſtrí henꝺi honum maðr ok kona ok annaʀ ꝼotr hans gat ſon við oðrum

he broke into a sweat. Then there grew under his left arm a man and a woman, and one of his feet begot a son with the other,

enn þaðan aꝼ komu ætter. þat eru hrimþursar. hinn gamli hrímþuſſ hann kollum ver ẏmi. þa

and from there came the families; they are the frost giants. The old frost giant, him we call Ymir. Then

mælti Ganglerí. hvar bẏgði ẏmer eða við hvað liꝼði hann.

Gangleri said: Where did Ymir dwell, or on what did he live?

Næſt var þat þa er hrimíð ꝺꝛaup at þar varð aꝼ kẏr ſu er auðumbla het en .iiij. miolkaar

Next it was so, when the rime dripped, that from it came a cow, who was called Audumbla, and four rivers of milk

runnu or ſpenum hennar ok ꝼæꝺꝺí hon ẏmí. þa mælti Gangleri við hvat ꝼæꝺꝺiz kẏrín. har ſagði

ran from her teats, and she fed Ymir. Then Gangleri said: On what did the cow feed? Har said:

hon ſleikti hrimſtæina er ſallter voꝛu ok hinn ꝼẏrſta ꝺagh er hon ſleiktí ſteínana. kom oꝛ ſteinínum

She licked the rime-stones, which were salty, and the first day that she licked the stones there came out of the stones

at kvellꝺí mannz haar Annan ꝺag mannz hoꝼut. þriðia ꝺag var þat allr maðꝛ ſa er neꝼnꝺꝛ

by evening a man's hair, the second day a man's head, the third day it was a whole man, who is named

burí. hann var ꝼagr alitum mikill ok mattugr hann gat ſon þann er boꝛr er neꝼnꝺꝛ. hann ꝼekk þeirar

Buri. He was fair of face, big and mighty. He begot a son who is named Bor. He married that

konu er beſtla er neꝼnꝺ ꝺotter bǫlþoꝛnſ iotunſ ok gatu þau .iij. ſonu. het æínn oðinn annaʀ̇

woman who is named Bestla, the daughter of the giant Bolthorn, and they had three sons. One was called Odin, the second

vili. þriði ve. ok þat er mín trua at ſa oðinn ok hans bræðꝛ muní vera ſtẏranꝺí himínſ ok iarðar.

Vili, the third Ve. And it is my belief that this Odin and his brothers must be the rulers of heaven and earth.

þat ætlum ver at hann muní sua heíta. ſua heiter ſa maðꝛ er ver vitum meſtan ok agiæztan ok vel

We think that he must be called so: so is called the one whom we know to be greatest and most glorious, and well

megu þer laata hann ſua heita. ẏmí iotun. en̅ er h̅ ꝼell þa hliop sᷓ míkit

may you let him be called so. Ymir the giant. And when he fell, then there gushed so much

Þa mælti Gangleri hvat varð þa um þeira ſætt eða hvarer voro rikarí. þa ſarar har Sẏner boꝛſ ꝺꝛapu

Then Gangleri said: What then became of their peace, or which were the stronger? Then Har answers: The sons of Bor killed

ẏmí iotun. enn er hann ꝼell þa hliop sua míkit

Ymir the giant. And when he fell, then there gushed so much

bloð oꝛ ſꜳrum hans at með því ꝺꝛecktu þeir allri ætt hrimþuſſa nema æinn komz

blood from his wounds that with it they drowned all the race of frost giants, except that one escaped

unꝺan með ſinu hẏſkí þann kalla iotnar b͛ergelmí. hann ꝼoꝛ upp a luðꝛ ſinn ok kona hans ok hellz

away with his household; the giants call him Bergelmir. He went up onto his lúðr [ark], he and his wife, and was kept safe

þar ok eru aꝼ þeim komnar hrimþuſſa ætt͛er. Sua ſem her ſeger. Orovi vetra aðꝛ væri ioꝛð oꝼ

there, and from them are descended the families of frost giants. As it says here: Countless winters before the earth was

ſkoput þa var bergelmer boꝛinn þat er ꝼẏrſt oꝼ man er ſa hinn ꝼroðí iotunn a var luðꝛ oꝼ

shaped, then Bergelmir was born; that is the first I remember, when that wise giant on a lúðr was

lagiðꝛ. þa ſeger Gangleri hvat hoꝼðuz þa at boꝛſ ſẏner eꝼ þu truer at þeir ſe guð. har ſarar Eigi er þar

laid. Then Gangleri says: What did the sons of Bor do then, if you believe that they are gods? Har answers: There is not

litið aꝼ at ſegía. þeir toku ẏmí ok ꝼluttu i mitt ginnunga gap ok gioꝛðu aꝼ honum ioꝛðina

little to tell of that. They took Ymir and carried him into the middle of Ginnungagap and made the earth from him,

aꝼ bloði hans ſæínn ok votnín. Ioꝛðin var gioꝛ aꝼ hollꝺinu en bioꝛgin aꝼ bæínunum. griot ok

from his blood the sea and the waters. The earth was made from the flesh and the mountains from the bones; stones and

urðer gioꝛðu þeir aꝼ tonnum ok ioxlum ok bæinum er brotin voro. þa mælti Iaꝼnhar. aꝼ þi bloði er oꝛ ſarum

scree they made from the teeth and molars and from the bones that were broken. Then Jafnhar said: From the blood which from the wounds

rann ok lauſt ꝼóꝛ þar aꝼ gioꝛðu þeir ſia þann er þeir gẏrðu ok ꝼeſto ſaman ioꝛðína ok logðu

ran and flowed freely, from that they made the sea, with which they girded and bound together the earth, and laid

þann ſia i hríng utan um hana ok mun þat ꝼleſtum monnum uꝼæra þikkia at komaz þar ẏꝼer

that sea in a ring around it, and most men will think it impossible to get across it.

þa mælti þriði. toku þeir ok hauſ hans ok gioꝛðu aꝼ honum himín ok ſettu hann upp ẏꝼer ioꝛðina.

Then Third said: They also took his skull and made the sky from it and set it up over the earth

með ꝼioꝛum ſkautum ok unꝺer hvert hoꝛn ſettu þeir ꝺverg. þeir heita ſua Auſtri. veſtri. Suðꝛi.

with four corners, and under each corner they set a dwarf. They are called thus: Austri, Vestri, Sudri,

noꝛðꝛí. þa toku þeir ſiur ok gneíſta þa er lauser ꝼoꝛu er kaſtat haꝼði oꝛ muſpellz heimí

Nordri. Then they took the embers and sparks that were flying loose, which had been cast out of Muspellsheim,

ok ſettu a himín bæði oꝼan ok neðan til at lẏſa himin ok ioꝛð. þeir gaꝼu ſtað ǫllum ellꝺíngunum

and set them in the sky, both above and below, to light up heaven and earth. They gave places to all the fires,

ſumum a himní ſumar ꝼoꝛu lauſar unꝺer hímní ok ſettu þo þeim ſtað ok ſkǫpuðu

some in the sky; some moved freely under the sky, and yet they gave them a place and shaped

gongu þeim. Sua er ſagt i ꝼornum viſenꝺum at þaðan aꝼ voro ꝺægr greinꝺ ok ááratal.

their courses. So it is said in ancient lore that from these the days were distinguished, and the count of years.

Sua ſeger i vǫlu ſpa. Sol þat ne viſſi hvar hon ſalí aattí. maaní þat ne viſſi hvat hann meginſ

So it says in Voluspa: The sun did not know where she had her halls; the moon did not know what strength he

aattí ſtioꝛnur þat ne viſſu hvar þær ſtaði ꜳ̋ttu. Sva var aaðꝛ en þetta værí.

had; the stars did not know where they had their places. So it was before this came to be.

Þa mælti. Gangleri þetta eru mikil tiðinꝺi er nu hæẏrí ek. ꝼurðu mikil

Then Gangleri said: These are great tidings that I now hear. A wondrously great

ſmið er þat ok haglegha goꝛt. hvern veg var ioꝛðín hattuð. þa ſarar hꜳr. hon er krínlott

piece of work that is, and skilfully made. How was the earth arranged? Then Har answers: It is circular,

ok þar utan um liggr hinn ꝺíupi ſioꝛ. Ok með þeiꝛi ſiavar ſtronꝺu gaꝼu þeir lonꝺ til

and around it, outside, lies the deep sea. And along that sea-shore they gave lands for

bẏgðar iotna ættum. enn ꝼyrir innan a ioꝛðunni gioꝛðu þeir borg um hverꝼiſ hæim ꝼẏrer uꝼriði

the races of giants to settle. But further in, on the earth, they made a stronghold all around the world against the hostility

iotna enn til þeirar borgar hoꝼðu þeir brar ẏmiſ iotunſ ok kolluðu þa borg miðgarð. Toku

of giants, and for that stronghold they used the eyelashes of Ymir the giant, and called that stronghold Midgard. They took

þeir ok heila hans ok koſtuðu i lopt ok giorðu aꝼ ſkẏen. Sva ſem her ſeger. Or ẏmiſ hollꝺi

his brain too and threw it into the air and made the clouds from it. As it says here: From Ymir's flesh

var ioꝛð oꝼ ſkoput enn oꝛ ſveita ſiar bioꝛg oꝛ beínum baðmr oꝛ haarí enn oꝛ hauſi híminn

was the earth shaped, and from the sweat the sea, the mountains from the bones, the tree from the hair, and from the skull the sky,

. enn oꝛ hans brám gioꝛðu bliꝺ regín miꝺgarð manna ſonum. enn oꝛ hans heila voꝛu

and from his eyelashes the gentle powers made Midgard for the sons of men, and from his brain were

þau enn harꝺmoðgu ſkẏ ǫll oꝼ ſkopuð. þa mælti Gangleri mikit þotti mer þeir þa haꝼa ſnuið til

those hard-tempered clouds all shaped. Then Gangleri said: A great thing it seems to me they then brought

komo mennerner þeir er hæim bẏggía. þa ſarar har. þa er þeir gengu með ſiavar ſtronꝺu boꝛſ ſẏner

came the men who inhabit the world? Then High answers: When they were walking along the sea shore, the sons of Bor

ꝼunꝺu tre .ij. ok toku upp trein ok ſkopuðu aꝼ menn. gaꝼ hinn ꝼẏrſt onꝺ ok liꝼ annarr vit

found two trees, and took up the trees and shaped people from them. The first gave breath and life, the second wit

ok hræríng þriði aſionu mal ok hæẏrn ok ſion. gaꝼu þeim klæði ok noꝼn. het karl maðꝛenn

and movement, the third a face, speech and hearing and sight. They gave them clothes and names. The man was called

aſkr en konan embla ok olz þaðan aꝼ mannkinꝺín ſu er bẏgðin var geꝼin unꝺer

Ask and the woman Embla, and from them sprang the race of men to whom a dwelling-place was given under

miðgarði. þar næſt gioꝛðu þeir ſier borg i miðium heimí er kolloð er aaſgarðꝛ. þat kallaz

Midgard. Next they made themselves a stronghold in the middle of the world, which is called Ásgard; it is called

troía. þar bẏgðu guðin ok ætter þeiꝛa ok gioꝛðuz þaðan aꝼ moꝛg tiðinꝺí ok græinír

Troy. There the gods and their kindred lived, and from there came about many events and dealings,

bæði a ioꝛðu ok i loptí. þar er æinn ſtaðꝛ er hliðſkialꝼ heiter ok þa er oðinn ſettiz þar i

both on earth and in the sky. There is one place that is called Hlidskjálf, and when Odin sat there in

haſætí þa ſa hann oꝼ alla heima ok hverſ mannz at hæví ok viſſi alla luti þa er hann ſa. kona

the high seat, he saw over all worlds and every man's doings, and knew all the things he saw. His wife

hans het ꝼrigg ꝼioꝛgvinſ ꝺotter Ok aꝼ þeira ætt er ſu kẏnſloð komín er ver kollum aſa ætter

was called Frigg, Fjörgvin's daughter, and from their family has come the kindred that we call the race of the Æsir,

ok ꝼyrir þi ma hann hæíta allꝼǫðꝛ at hann er ꝼaðer allra guðanna ok manna ok allz þeſſ er aꝼ hans krapti

and for this reason he may be called All-father, because he is father of all the gods and of men and of all that which by his power

var ꝼullgoꝛt. Ioꝛðin var ꝺotter hans ok kona hans. aꝼ henni gioꝛði hann hinn ꝼẏrſta ſonínn

was brought to completion. The Earth was his daughter and his wife. By her he begot the first son,

narvi het iotun er bẏgði i iotun hæímum. hann aattí ꝺottur er nott het. hon var ſvoꝛt ok

Narvi was the name of a giant who lived in Jotunheim. He had a daughter who was called Nott. She was black and

ꝺǫkk ſem hon aattí ætt til. hon var gipt ꝼẏrſt þeim manni er naglꝼari het. þeiꝛa ſon het

dark, as was in her family. She was married first to the man who was called Naglfari; their son was called

auðꝛ. þvi næſt var hon gipt þeim er anaʀ̇ het. ioꝛð het þeira ꝺotter. Siðarſt ꜳtti hana

Aud. Next she was married to the one who was called Anar; their daughter was called Jord. Last of all her husband was

ꝺellingr ok var hann aaſa ættar. var þeira ſon ꝺagr. var hann lioſſ ok ꝼagr epter ꝼaðerní ſinu. þa

Delling, and he was of the kin of the Æsir. Their son was Dag; he was bright and fair, after his father's side. Then

tok allꝼoðꝛ nott ok ꝺag ſon hennar ok gaꝼ þeim .ij. heſta ok tvær kerrur ok ſenꝺi þa upp a hímín

the All-father took Nott and Dag her son, and gave them two horses and two chariots, and sent them up into the sky,

at þau ſkulu riða a hverium tveim ꝺægꝛum umhverꝼiſ ioꝛðina. Riðꝛ nott ꝼẏrri þeim

so that they should ride around the earth every twenty-four hours. Nott rides first on the

heſtí er kallaðꝛ er hrimꝼaxí ok að moꝛní hverium ꝺoggver hann ioꝛðina aꝼ melꝺꝛopum

horse that is called Hrimfaxi, and every morning he bedews the earth with the drops from his bit.

ſinum. Sa heſtr er ꝺagr a heiter ſkínꝼaxí ok lẏſer allt lopt ok ioꝛðina aꝼ ꝼaxi hans. þa mælti

The horse that Dag has is called Skinfaxi, and all the sky and the earth are lit from his mane. Then said

Gangleri hverſu ſtẏrer hann gang ſolar eða tunglſ. har ſarar Sa maðꝛ er neꝼnꝺꝛ munꝺilꝼari er aatti

Gangleri: 'How does he steer the course of the sun or of the moon?' Har answers: 'A man is named Mundilfari who had

tvꜹ boꝛn. þa voꝛu sua ꝼǫgr ok ꝼrið at hann kallaði ſon ſinn mána enn ꝺottur ſina ſol ok giptí

two children. They were so fair and beautiful that he called his son Mani and his daughter Sol, and married

hana þeim manni er glenr het. en guðin reiꝺꝺuz þeſſu oꝼ ꝺꝛambí ok toku þau ſẏſtkín

her to the man who was called Glen. But the gods were angered at this arrogance, and took the brother and sister

ok ſettu upp a himín letu ſol kæẏra þa heſta er ꝺrogu kerru ſolarennar þeirar er guðin

and set [them] up in the sky; they had Sol drive the horses that drew the chariot of the sun, which the gods

hoꝼꝺu ſkapað til at lẏſa heímana aꝼ þeiri ſiu er ꝼlaug oꝛ muſpellz heimí. þeir heſtar

had made to light the worlds from the spark that flew out of Muspellsheim. Those horses

heita ſua. alſviðꝛ ok aarvakr. enn unꝺer bogum heſtanna ſettu guðin tva vinꝺbelgí at

are called thus: Alsvid and Arvak. And under the shoulders of the horses the gods set two bellows to

kiæla þa enn i ſumum ꝼræðum er þat kallat iſarn kol. Maaní ſtẏrer gongu tunglſ ok ræðꝛ

cool them, and in some lore that is called 'iron-cool'. Mani steers the course of the moon and governs

nẏum ok niðum. hann tok boꝛn tvau aꝼ ioꝛðinní er sua heita. Bil ok hiukí er þau gengu ꝼra

the new moon and the waning moon. He took two children from the earth, who are called thus: Bil and Hjuki, as they were going from

bꝛunni þeim er bẏrger heiter ok baru a oxlvm ser ſa er heiter ſægr en ſtǫngin ſimul. Viðꝼinnr

the well that is called Byrgir and carrying on their shoulders [the bucket] that is called Sæg, and the pole Simul. Vidfinn

er neꝼnꝺꝛ ꝼaðer þeira. þeſſi boꝛn ꝼẏlgia mana sua ſem ſia ma aꝼ ioꝛðu. þa mælti. Gangleri

is named as their father. These children follow Mani, as can be seen from the earth.' Then said Gangleri:

Skiott ꝼerr ſolín ok nær sua ſem hon ſe hræꝺꝺ ok æigi munꝺi hon þa meiʀ̇ hvata gongunni at

'The sun goes fast, and almost as if she were afraid; and she would not hasten her course any more even if

hon hræꝺꝺiz bana ſinn þa ſarar har Eigi er þat unꝺarligt þo at hon ꝼari akaꝼlega nær

she feared her death.' Then Har answers: 'It is not strange that she goes furiously: near

er ſa er hana ſæker ok engan ut veg a hon nema renna unꝺan. þa mælti Gangleri hverr er ſa er henne

is the one who pursues her, and she has no way out but to run away.' Then said Gangleri: 'Who is it that causes her

gioꝛer þann omaka. har ſarar þat eru .ij. ulꝼar ok heiter ſa ſkoll er epter henne ꝼerr. hann hræðiz hon ok hann

this trouble?' Har answers: 'They are two wolves, and the one that goes after her is called Skoll. She fears him, and he

mun taka hana. enn ſa heiter hatí hroðvitníſ ſon er ꝼẏrer henne hlæẏpr ok vill hann taka tunglið

will catch her. And the one that runs ahead of her is called Hati, Hrodvitnir's son, and he means to catch the moon,

ok sua mun verða. þa mælti Gangleri hverr er ætt ulꝼanna. har ſeger Gẏgr æín bẏr ꝼyrir auſtan miðgarð

and so it will be.' Then said Gangleri: 'What is the wolves' lineage?' Har says: 'A giantess lives east of Midgard,

i þeim ſkogi er iarnviðꝛ heíter. i þeim ſkogí bẏggia þær trollkonur er iarnviðíur heíta

in the forest that is called Ironwood. In that forest live the troll-women who are called Ironwood-women.

. en gamla gẏgr ꝼæðer at ſonum marga iotna ok alla i vargſ likíum ok þaðan eru komner

And the old giantess bears many giants as sons, and all in the shapes of wolves, and from there have come

þeſſer ulꝼar. Ok ſua er ſagt at aꝼ ættinni verðꝛ ſa æínn matkaztr er kallaðꝛ er managarmr

these wolves. And it is said that of that kin one will be the mightiest, who is called Managarm.

. hann ꝼẏlliz með ꝼioꝛví allra þeira manna er ꝺæẏía ok hann glæẏper tungl en ſtokkver bloði hímin

He fills himself with the life of all the men who die, and he swallows the moon, and spatters the sky with blood

ok lopt oll. þaðan aꝼ tẏner ſol ſkíní ſínu Ok vinꝺar eru þa okẏrrer ok gnẏia heðan

and all the air. Because of that the sun loses her shine, and the winds are then unquiet and roar from this side

ok hanꝺan. Sua ſeger i vǫlu ſpa auſtr bẏr hín allꝺna i iarnviðiu ok ꝼæðer þar

and from that. So it says in Voluspa: "In the east dwells the old one in Ironwood, and gives birth there to

ꝼenreſ kinꝺer verðꝛ aꝼ þeim ollum æinna nokkurr tunglſ tíugarí i trꜹllz hamí ꝼẏlliz

the offspring of Fenrir; of them all one in particular will become the moon's snatcher in a troll's shape. He fills himself

ꝼioꝛví ꝼeigra manna rẏðꝛ ragna ſiǫt rauðum ꝺꝛæẏra ſvoꝛt verða ſolſkín um ſumur epter

with the life of doomed men, reddens the seats of the powers with red gore; black grows the sunshine in the summers after,

veðꝛ oll valunꝺ vitu þer enn eða hvað.

all weathers treacherous. Do you know yet, or what?"

þat er guðin gioꝛðu bꝛu aꝼ iǫꝛðu til hímins er heiter biꝼrǫſt. hana mun tu ſieð haꝼa

that the gods made a bridge from earth to heaven, which is called Bifrost? You will have seen it;

aaſgarðꝛ. har ſarar i upphaꝼi ſetti hann ſtioꝛnar menn i ſætí ok beiꝺꝺi þa at ꝺæma með

Asgard?' Har answers: 'In the beginning he set rulers in seats and asked them to decide with

ser ǫꝛlog manna ok rꜳða um ſkipun borgarennar. þat var þar ſem heiter iða vollr i miðri

him the destinies of men and to give counsel on the ordering of the stronghold. That was at the place called Idavoll, in the middle of

borginni. var þat hið ꝼẏrſta þeira verk at gioꝛa hoꝼ þat er ſætí þeira tolꝼ ſtanꝺa í ǫnnoꝛ

the stronghold. Their first work was to make the temple in which their twelve seats stand, besides

en haſætíð þat er allꝼoðꝛ a. þat huſ er bezt goꝛt a ioꝛðu ok meſt. allt er þat utan Ok

the high seat that the All-father has. That house is the best built on earth and the largest; it is all, outside and

innan ſem gull æítt. i þeim ſtað kalla menn glaðſ heím. Annan ſal gioꝛðu þeir. þat var

inside, like pure gold. That place people call Gladsheim. Another hall they made; that was

hoꝛgr er gẏðiurnar aattu ok var hann allꝼagrt huſ. þat kalla menn víngolꝼ. þar næſt logðu

the sanctuary that the goddesses had, and it was a very fair house; people call it Vingolf. Next they laid

þeir aꝼla ok þar til gioꝛðu hamar ok tong ok ſteðia ok þaðan aꝼ oll tol ǫnnur ok þvi næſt

a forge, and for it they made hammer and tongs and anvil, and from these all the other tools; and after that

ſmiðuðu þeir malm ſteín ok tre ok ſua gnoglega þann malm er gull heiter at oll busgǫgn

they worked metal, stone and wood, and so abundantly the metal that is called gold that all their household goods

ok oll reiðí gogn hoꝼðu þeir aꝼ gullí ok er ſu ǫllꝺ kollut gullallꝺꝛ aðꝛ enn ſpilltiz aꝼ tilkvamu

and all their harness they had of gold; and that age is called the Golden Age, before it was spoiled by the arrival

kvennanna þær komu oꝛ iotun heímum.

of the women who came out of Jotunheim.

Þar næſt ſettuz guðin upp i ſæti ſín ok ſettu ꝺoma ſina ok minntuz hvaða ꝺvergar

Next the gods sat down in their seats and set up their courts, and called to mind whence the dwarfs

hoꝼðu kvíknat i mollꝺunni ok níðꝛí i ioꝛðunni ſua ſem maðkar i hollꝺi. ꝺvergarner

had quickened, in the soil and down in the earth, like maggots in flesh. The dwarfs

hoꝼðu ſkipaz ꝼẏrſt ok tekit kviknan i hollꝺi ẏmíſ ok voro þa maðkar enn atkvæði

had first taken shape and come to life in the flesh of Ymir, and were maggots then; but by the decree

guðanna urðu þeir vitanꝺi manviz ok hoꝼðu mannz likí ok bua þo i ioꝛðu ok ſteinum

of the gods they came to have human wit and had the likeness of men; and yet they live in the earth and in stones.

Moðſogner var æztr ok annaʀ ꝺurin̅n. Sua ſeger i vǫlu ſpa. þa gengu regín ǫll a rǫkſtola ginnheilug

Modsognir was the foremost, and the second Durin. So it says in Voluspa: "Then all the powers went to their judgement-seats, the most holy

goð ok um þat giettuz. hver ſkẏllꝺi ꝺverga ꝺꝛott oꝼ ſkegia oꝛ bꝛimi bloðgu ok oꝛ blaenſ

gods, and took counsel about this: who should shape the host of dwarfs out of bloody Brimir and out of Blain's

leggium. þar manlikun moꝛg oꝼ gioꝛðuz ꝺvergar i ioꝛðum ſem ꝺurinn ſagꝺi. ok þeſſi

limbs. There many likenesses of men were made, dwarfs in the earth, as Durin said." And these

Aſkrinn er allra trea meſtr ok beztr. limar hans ꝺꝛeiꝼaz um heim allan ok ſtanꝺa ẏꝼer himní

The ash is the greatest and best of all trees. Its limbs spread out over all the world and stand above heaven.

þeir rot er hvergelmer en niðhoggr gnagar neðan rotína. enn unꝺer þeiri rot er til hrimþuſſa

that root is Hvergelmir, and Nidhogg gnaws the root from beneath. But under that root which faces the frost-giants

hoꝛꝼer þar er mímíſ bꝛunnr er ſpekt ok manvit er ꝼolgít ok heiter ſa mímer er a bꝛunninn

there is Mimir's well, in which wisdom and understanding are hidden, and the one who owns the well is called Mimir.

. hann er ꝼullr aꝼ viſinꝺum ꝼyrir þi at hann ꝺrekkr oꝛ bꝛunninum aꝼ hoꝛninu giallar hoꝛní.

He is full of wisdom because he drinks from the well out of the horn Gjallarhorn.

urðar bꝛunnr. þar æígu guðín ꝺomſtað ſinn. hvern ꝺag riða æser þangað upp um bꝛuna

Urd's Well. There the gods have their place of judgement. Every day the Æsir ride up there over the bridge

biꝼrǫſt hon heiter ok aaſbꝛu. heſtar aſanna heita sua Sleipner er baztr. hann a oðinn. hann heꝼer .viii.

Bifrost; it is called that, and also Asbru. The horses of the Æsir are named thus: Sleipnir is the best; Odin owns him; he has eight

. þeſſar mæẏiar ſkapa monnum allꝺꝛ. þær kollum ver noꝛner. enn eru ꝼleiri norner þær er koma

These maidens shape the lifetimes of men. We call them norns. But there are more norns, those who come

þiona honum oll sua ſem boꝛn ꝼoður. enn ꝼriɢ er kona hans ok veit hon ok ǫll oꝛlog manna þot hon ſegi æigí

all serve him as children [serve] a father. And Frigg is his wife, and she too knows all the fates of men, though she does not utter

ſkipar hann valholl ok vingolꝼ ok heita þeir þa æinheriar hann heiter ok hanga guð ok hapta guð

he assigns Valhalla and Vingólf, and they are then called einherjar [Odin's chosen warriors]. He is also called God of the Hanged and God of Captives,

at haꝼaz. eða hvat haꝼa þeir goꝛt til ꝼrama. har ſagði þoꝛr er þeiꝛa ꝼramaztr ſa er kallaðꝛ

to busy themselves with, or what have they done to win renown? High said: Thor is the foremost of them, he who is called

er aſa þoꝛr eða aku þoꝛr. hann er ſterkaztr allra guðanna ok manna. hann a þar riki er þruðvangar

Asa-Thor or Oku-Thor. He is the strongest of all gods and men. He has his realm in the place called Thrudvangar,

hann kallaðꝛ aku þoꝛr. hann a ok .iij. koſtgripí. æinn er hamarenn miollner er hrim þuſſar

he is called Oku-Thor. He also owns three treasures. One is the hammer Mjollnir, which the frost giants

er allt þat er ek veit. þa mælti. Gangleri ſpẏria vil ek tiðinꝺa aꝼ ꝼleírum aſunum. har ſagði annar

all that I know has been told. Then Gangleri said: I want to ask for news of more of the Æsir. High said: Another

ſon oðinſ er ballꝺꝛ ok er ꝼra honum gott at ſegia hann er beztr ok hann loꝼa aller. hann er sua ꝼagr

son of Odin is Baldr, and of him there is good to tell. He is the best, and all praise him. He is so fair

ꝼeiknſtaꝼí. hinn þriði aaſſ heiter níoꝛꝺꝛ hann bẏr a hímní þar ſem heita noa tun. hann ræðꝛ ꝼyrir

baleful staves. The third of the Æsir is called Njord. He lives in heaven at the place called Noatun. He rules over

ma geꝼa þeim auð lanꝺa ok lauſa ꝼíar a hann ſkal til þeſſ heita. æigi er nioꝛðꝛ aſa ættar. hann var upp ꝼęꝺꝺꝛ

can give them wealth in lands and movable goods; he is to be called on for that. Njord is not of the Æsir's kin. He was brought up

i vana heimí. enn vaner giſluðu hann guðunum ok toko í mot at giſlingu þann er hæner heiter. hann

in Vanaheim, but the Vanir gave him as a hostage to the gods, and took in exchange as a hostage the one who is called Hoenir. He

varð at ſætt með guðum ok vǫnum. nioꝛðꝛ a þa konu er ſkaði heiter. ꝺotter þiaza Iǫtunſ. ſkaði

became [the pledge of] the settlement between the gods and the Vanir. Njord has the wife who is called Skadi, daughter of the giant Thjazi. Skadi

guð eða ǫnꝺur ꝺíſ. Sua er ſagt. þrẏm heímr heiter er þiaza ſa hinn amatki iǫtunn

god or ski-lady. So it is said: Thrymheim it is called, where Thjazi [dwelt], that very mighty giant;

alitum ok mattug. ꝼræẏr er hinn agiætazti aꝼ aſum. hann ræðꝛ ꝼyrir regni ok ſkiní ſolar ok þar

in looks and mighty. Frey is the most renowned of the Æsir. He rules over the rain and the shining of the sun, and with them

með avextí iarðar ok a hann er gott at heíta til aarſ ok ꝼriðar hann ræðꝛ ok ꝼeſælu manna. enn ꝼreẏia

the growth of the earth; and it is good to call on him for good harvests and peace. He also rules the prosperity of men. And Freyja

er agiætuz aꝼ aſẏnium. hon a þann bæ a hímní er ꝼolkvangr heiter ok hver ſem hon

is the most renowned of the goddesses. She has the dwelling in heaven that is called Folkvang, and wherever she

riðꝛ til vigſ þa a hon halꝼan val enn halvan oðinn. Sua er her ſagt. Folkvangr heiter enn

rides to battle, she has half the slain, and Odin half. So it is said here: "Folkvang it is called, and

guðin. har ſagði Sa er enn aſſ er tẏr heiter hann er ꝺiarꝼaztr ok bezt hugaðꝛ ok hann ræðꝛ miog ſigri i oꝛruſtum

gods? High said: There is yet a god who is called Tyr. He is the boldest and most courageous, and he has great power over victory in battles.

hans þa er æser lokkuðu ꝼenriſ ulꝼ til þeſſ at leggia ꝼioturenn a hann gleiꝼni þa truði hann

on his part, that when the Æsir lured the Fenris Wolf into having the fetter Gleipnir laid on him, he did not trust

þeim æigi at þeir munꝺu læẏſa hann ꝼẏʀ enn þeir legði honum at veði honꝺ tẏſ i munni hans. enn þa er æser

them to release him until they laid Tyr's hand in his mouth as a pledge. And when the Æsir

villꝺu æigi læẏſa hann þa beit hann honꝺína aꝼ þar er nu heiter ulꝼliðr ok er hann æínhenꝺꝛ ok ekki kallaðꝛ

would not release him, he bit the hand off at the place now called the wolf-joint; and he is one-handed, and he is not called

ſætter manna. Bragí heiter æinn. hann er agiætr aꝼ ſpekí ok meſt aꝼ malſnillꝺ ok orðꝼimi

a peacemaker of men. One is called Bragi. He is renowned for wisdom, and most for eloquence and skill with words.

kallaðꝛ bragr karla eða bragr kvenna er orðſnillꝺ heꝼer ꝼramaʀ enn aðꝛer kona eða karl maðr. hans

called the bragr [foremost] of men or bragr of women who has more eloquence than others, woman or man. His

kona er iðunn. hon varðveiter i eſki ſínu epli þau er guðin ſkulu a bíta þa er þau ellꝺazt

wife is Idunn. She keeps in her box the apples which the gods are to bite on when they grow old,

Heímꝺallr heiter æínn. hann er kallaðr hvítíaaſſ. hann er mikill ok heílagꝛ hann baru at ſẏní

One is called Heimdall. He is called the White God. He is great and holy; he was borne as a son by

þat er hæra lætr. hann heꝼer luðꝛ þann er giallar hoꝛn heiter ok hæẏrer blaſt hans i alla heima.

that makes more sound. He has the trumpet that is called Gjallarhorn, and its blast is heard in all worlds.

hoðꝛ heiter æinn aaſſinn. hann er blinꝺꝛ ærit er hann ſterkr en vilia munꝺu guðin at þenna ꜳſ

One of the Æsir is called Hod. He is blind. He is very strong, but the gods would wish that this god

Viðar heiter æinn hínn þogli áſſ. heꝼer hann ſko þẏkkan hann er ſterkr

One is called Vidar, the silent god. He has a thick shoe. He is strong

Ali eða vali heiter einn ſon oðinſ ok rinꝺar. hann er ꝺiarꝼr i oʀostum ok miǫk happſkæẏtr.

One son of Odin and Rind is called Ali or Vali. He is bold in battles and a very lucky shot.

Ullr heiter æínn ſon ſivíar ſtiupſon þoꝛſ. hann er bogmaðr ſua goðꝛ ok ſkiðꝼæʀ̇ at eingi ma við hann

One is called Ull, son of Sif, stepson of Thor. He is so good an archer and so skilled on skis that no one can [compete] with him

bẏgger ꝼleſtan ꝺag ok ſvæꝼer allar ſaker.

dwells most days and lulls all disputes to sleep."

Sa er enn talðꝛ með aſum er ſumer kalla rogbera aſanna ok ꝼrumkveða ꝼlærðanna ok vǫmm allra

There is also counted among the Æsir one whom some call the slanderer of the Æsir and the originator of deceits and the disgrace of all

guða ok manna ſa er neꝼnꝺꝛ loki eða

gods and men. He is named Loki or

loptr ſon ꝼarbauta Iǫtunſ. moðer hans heiter lauꝼæẏ eða naal. bꝛæðꝛ hans eru þeir bẏleiſtr

Lopt, son of the giant Farbauti. His mother is called Laufey or Nal. His brothers are Byleist

ok helblínꝺí. Lokí er ꝼriðꝛ ok ꝼagr ſẏnum illr i ſkaplẏnꝺí miok ꝼiǫlbreẏtinn að

and Helblindi. Loki is handsome and fair in looks, evil in disposition, very changeable in

hattum. hann haꝼði þa ſpekí umꝼramm aðꝛa menn er ſlægð heiter ok velar til allra luta. hann kom

his ways. He had beyond other men that wisdom which is called cunning, and tricks for every purpose. He brought

ſon þeira narí eða narví. enn attí lokí ꝼleirí bǫꝛn. Angrboða heiter gẏgr. i iotun heimum

their son, Nari or Narvi. Loki had yet more children. Angrboda is the name of a giantess in Jotunheim;

við henni gat loki .iij. boꝛn. eitt var ꝼenriſ ulꝼr. annat ioꝛmunganꝺꝛ. þat er miðgarzoꝛmr

with her Loki begot three children. One was the Fenris Wolf, the second Jormungand, that is the Midgard Serpent,

. þriðia er hel. enn er guðin viſſu til at þeſſi þꝛiu ſẏſtkin ꝼæꝺꝺuz upp i iotunheimum

the third is Hel. And when the gods learned that these three siblings were being brought up in Jotunheim,

ok guðín roktu til ſpaꝺoma aꝼ aꝼ þeſſum ſẏſtkínum munꝺi þeim mikit uhapp

and the gods traced through prophecies that from these siblings great misfortune would

ſtanꝺa ok þotti illz aꝼ von ꝼẏrſt aꝼ moðerní ok enn verra aꝼ ꝼaðerní.

befall them, and evil seemed to be expected, first from the mother's side and worse still from the father's,

Þa ſenꝺi allꝼoðꝛ til guðín at taka boꝛnín ok ꝼæra ser. ok er þau komu til hans þa kaſtaði

then Allfather sent the gods to take the children and bring them to him. And when they came to him, he threw

hann oꝛmínum i hinn ꝺiupa ſia er liggꝛ um lǫnꝺ ǫll ok ox ſa oꝛmr sua at hann liggr i miðíu

the serpent into the deep sea that lies around all lands, and that serpent grew so that he lies in the middle of

haꝼinu um lonꝺ oll ok bitr i ſpoꝛꝺ ser. Hel kaſtaði hann i níꝼlheim ok gaꝼ henni vallꝺ ẏꝼer níu heímum

the ocean around all lands and bites on his own tail. Hel he threw into Niflheim and gave her authority over nine worlds,

at hon ſkẏllꝺi ſkipta ǫllum viſtum með þeim er til hennar voro ſenꝺer. enn þat eru ſott ꝺauðer menn

that she should share out all lodgings among those who were sent to her, and those are men dead of sickness

ok elli ꝺauðer. hon a þar mickla bolſtaði ok eru garðar hennar ꝼoꝛkunnar haꝼer. ok grinꝺꝛ ſtoꝛar.

and dead of old age. She has great dwellings there, and her walls are exceedingly high and her gates huge.

Eliuðner heiter ſalr hennar hungr ꝺiſkr hennar. ſulltr kniꝼr hennar. ganglati þræll. ganglǫt

Eljudnir is the name of her hall, Hunger her dish, Famine her knife, Ganglati [her] thrall, Ganglot

ambatt. ꝼallanꝺa ꝼoꝛat þreſkollꝺꝛ. hon er bla halꝼ en halꝼ með hoꝛunꝺz lít.

[her] bondmaid, Falling Peril [her] threshold. She is half black-blue and half flesh-coloured;

þvi er hon auðkenꝺ ok hellꝺꝛ gnupleit ok grimmleít.

by this she is easily known, and rather drooping-faced and grim-looking.

Ulꝼenn ꝼæꝺꝺu æser heíma ok haꝼðe tẏr æínn ꝺiarꝼleik at ganga til ok geꝼa honum mat

The Æsir brought up the wolf at home, and Tyr alone had the courage to go up to him and give him food.

enn er guðin ſa hverſu mikit hann ox hvern ꝺag ok allar ſpar ſogðu at hann munꝺí vera lagðꝛ til

And when the gods saw how much he grew each day, and all prophecies said that he was destined

ſkaða þeim. þa ꝼengu æser þat rað at þeir gioꝛðu ꝼiotur allſterkan er þeir kolluðu læðing Ok

to harm them, the Æsir adopted this plan: they made a very strong fetter, which they called Læding, and

baru hann til ulꝼſínſ ok baðu hann ræẏna aꝼl ſitt við ꝼioturínn. enn ulꝼínum þotti ser þat ekkí oꝼreꝼlí

carried it to the wolf and bade him try his strength against the fetter. And it did not seem to the wolf too much for him,

ok liet þa ꝼara með þeir villꝺu. enn ꝼẏrſta ſinn er ulꝼrinn ſpẏrnꝺí við brotnaði ſa ꝼioturr

and he let them do as they wished. And the first time the wolf kicked against it, that fetter broke;

sua læẏſtiz hann oꝛ læðingí. þvi næſt gioꝛðu æser annan ꝼiǫtur halꝼu ſterkara er þeir kolluðu

so he loosed himself from Læding. Next the Æsir made another fetter, twice as strong, which they called

ꝺroma ok baðu enn ulꝼinn ræẏna ſik við þann ꝼiǫtur. ok tolðu hann verða munꝺu agiætan

Dromi, and again bade the wolf try himself against that fetter, and said he would become renowned

míok aꝼ aꝼli eꝼ ſlik ſtoꝛſmiðí mætti æigi hallꝺa honum enn ulꝼrinn hugſaði at þerſi ꝼioturr

greatly for his strength if such mighty smith-work could not hold him. And the wolf thought that this fetter

var ſterkr miok ok þat með at honum haꝼði aꝼl vaxit ſiðan er hann bꝛaut læðíng. kom þat i hug at hann

was very strong, and also that his strength had grown since he broke Læding. It came into his mind that he

munꝺi verða at leggia ſik i hættu eꝼ hann ſkẏllꝺi ꝼrægr verða ok liet leggia a ſik ꝼioturinn.

would have to put himself in danger if he was to become famous, and he let the fetter be put on him.

ok er æser tǫlðuz buner þa hriſti ulꝼrinn ſik ok lauſt ꝼiotrinum a ioꝛðína ok knuðiz ꝼaſt að ſpẏrner

And when the Æsir declared themselves ready, the wolf shook himself and dashed the fetter against the ground and strained hard at it, kicks

við bꝛaut ꝼiǫturinn sua at ꝼiarrí ꝼlugu bꝛotín. sua ꝺrap hann ſik oꝛ ꝺꝛoma. þat er ſiðan haꝼt ꝼyrir oꝛðtak

against it, broke the fetter, so that the pieces flew far. So he struck himself free of Dromi. It has since been a saying

at læẏſi oꝛ læðingi eða ꝺꝛepi oꝛ ꝺroma þa er einn hverr lutr er akaꝼlega ſottr.

that one gets loose from Læding or strikes free of Dromi, when anything is striven for very hard.

Epter þat ottuðuz æserner at þeir munꝺu æigi ꝼa bunꝺit ulꝼínn þa ſenꝺi allꝼoðꝛ þann er ſkirner

After that the Æsir feared that they would not be able to bind the wolf. Then Allfather sent the one who is named Skirnir,

er neꝼnꝺꝛ ſenꝺi maðr ꝼræẏſ oꝼan i ſvartalꝼa heim til ꝺverga nokkuʀ̇a ok liet gera ꝼiotur

Frey's messenger, down into Svartalfheim to certain dwarves, and had a fetter made

þann er gleiꝼner heiter. hann var goꝛr aꝼ .vi lutum aꝼ ꝺẏn kattarenſ ok aꝼ ſkeggi konunar aꝼ rotum

which is called Gleipnir. It was made of six things: of the cat's noise, and of the woman's beard, of the roots

bergſinſ ok aꝼ ſinum biarnarenſ aꝼ anꝺa ꝼiſkſínſ ok aꝼ ꝼuglſ hráka. ok þot tu viter æigi aðꝛ þeſſi

of the mountain, and of the bear's sinews, of the fish's breath, and of the bird's spittle. And though you did not know these

tiðinꝺi þa mat tu ꝼinna her ſonn ꝺæmí at æigi er logit at þer. ſieð mun tu haꝼa at konan heꝼer

tidings before, you can find true proofs here that you are not being lied to. You will have seen that a woman has

æigi ſkegg. ok eingi ꝺẏnr verðꝛ aꝼ hlaupi kattarens ok æigi eru rætr unꝺer berginu. ok þat veit trua mín

no beard, and no noise comes from the cat's running, and there are no roots under the mountain. And upon my faith,

at Iaꝼn ſatt er þat allt er ek heꝼí ſagt þer þo at þeir ſe ſumer luter er þu matt æigi ræẏna. þa mælti. Gangleri

all that I have told you is equally true, even though there are some things which you cannot test. Then Gangleri said:

þetta ma ek at viſu ſkilia at ſatt er. þeſſa luti ma ek ſia er þu heꝼer nu til ꝺæma tekið. enn

This I can surely understand to be true; these things I can see which you have now taken as examples. But

hvern veg varð ꝼiotuʀenn ſmiðaðꝛ. har ſagði þat kann ek þer vel ſegía. Fioꝛtuʀenn varð ſlettr ok blꜹtr

how was the fetter fashioned? Har said: That I can tell you well. The fetter was smooth and soft

ſem ſilki ræma ok sua trauſtr ok ſterkr ſem nu ſkal tu hæẏra. þa er ꝼioturrinn var ꝼærðꝛ aſunum. þokðu

as a silk ribbon, and as firm and strong as you shall now hear. When the fetter was brought to the Æsir, they thanked

þeir vel ſenꝺi manni ſitt erenꝺí. þa ꝼoꝛu æserner ut í vatn þat er amſvartner heiter i holm

the messenger well for his errand. Then the Æsir went out onto the lake which is called Amsvartnir, to the islet

þann er lẏngví er kallaðꝛ ok kolluðu með ser ulꝼínn. ſẏnꝺu honum ſilki banꝺit ok baðu hann ſlita

which is called Lyngvi, and called the wolf to go with them. They showed him the silken band and bade him break [it],

ok ſogðu vera nokkuru trauſtara enn likinꝺi þætti a vera ꝼyrir ꝺigrleikſ ſaker ok ſellꝺi hverr oðꝛum

and said it was somewhat stronger than seemed likely for its thickness, and each handed it to the other

ok træẏſtí með hanꝺaꝼlí. enn þo quaðu þeir ulꝼínn ſlita munꝺu. þa ſagði ulꝼrinn sua litz mer a þenna

and tested it with the strength of his hands; and yet they said the wolf would break it. Then the wolf said: So it looks to me with this

ꝺregil ſem enga ꝼrægð muna ek aꝼ hliota þoat ek ſlita i ſunꝺꝛ sua miott banꝺ. enn eꝼ þat er

ribbon, that I shall win no fame from it even if I tear apart so slender a band. But if it is

goꝛt með liſt ok vél þo at þat ſẏniz litið þa kemr þat banꝺ æigi a mína ꝼætr. þa ſogðu æserner

made with craft and guile, though it looks small, then that band will not come on my feet. Then the Æsir said

at hann munꝺi ſkíot ſlíta miott ſilkí banꝺ er hann haꝼði ꝼẏʀ̇ brotið ſtoꝛa iarnꝼiotra enn eꝼ þu

that he would quickly break a slender silken band, as he had earlier broken great iron fetters. But if you

ꝼærr æigi þeira banꝺ ſlitið þa mun tu ekki hræꝺa mega guðín. ſkulo ver mega þa læẏſa þik

cannot break their band, then you will not be able to frighten the gods; we shall then loose you.

Ulꝼrinn ſagði eꝼ þer bínꝺit mik sua at ek ꝼæ æigi læẏſt mik. þa munu þer sua ætla at mer mun ſeint vera at taka

The wolf said: If you bind me so that I cannot loose myself, then you will see to it that I shall be slow to get

aꝼ ẏðꝛ hialp. oꝼuſſ em ek at la̋ta þetta banꝺ a mik leggia. enn hellꝺꝛ en þer ꝼrẏið mer

help from you. I am unwilling to let this band be laid on me. But rather than you should question my

hugar þa leggi æinn ẏðar honꝺ ſína i munn mer at þetta ſe ꝼalſlauſt goꝛt. enn hverr aſanna ſa

courage, let one of you put his hand in my mouth [as a pledge] that this is done without deceit. And each of the Æsir looked

til annarſ ok þotte a ver tvꜹ vanꝺꝛæðí. ok villꝺi eíngí ſína honꝺ ꝼramm ſelía ꝼẏʀ en tẏr let ꝼramm

at another, and there seemed to be two difficulties, and no one would hold out his hand until Tyr put forward

hægri hǫnꝺ ſína ok leggr i munn ulꝼinum. enn er ulꝼrinn ſpẏrner þa harðnaði banꝺít ok þvi harðara

his right hand and lays it in the wolf's mouth. And when the wolf kicks, the band grew hard, and the harder

er bꝛauz um þvi ſkarpara var banꝺít. þa hlogu aller nema tẏr. hann let honꝺ ſina

he struggled, the tighter the band was. Then all laughed except Tyr: he lost his hand.

þa er æserner ſa at ulꝼrinn var bunꝺinn at ꝼullu þa toku þeir ꝼeſtína er oꝛ var ꝼiotrinum.

When the Æsir saw that the wolf was fully bound, they took the cord that hung from the fetter,

er gelgia heiter ok ꝺꝛogu hana i gegnum hellu mickla ſu heiter giǫll ok ꝼello hellona langt

which is called Gelgja, and drew it through a great slab of rock, which is called Gjoll, and sank the slab far

i ioꝛð niðꝛ. þa toku þeir mikinn ſteín ok ſkutu enn lengra i ioꝛðína ſa heiter þvití ok hoꝼðu

down into the earth. Then they took a great stone and drove it still further into the earth; it is called Thviti; and they used

þann ſtein ꝼyrir ꝼeſtar hælenn. Ulꝼrinn gaꝼti akaꝼlega ok ꝼekz um míok ok villꝺi bita

that stone for the tether-peg. The wolf gaped fearfully and struggled hard and wanted to bite

þa. þeir ſkutu i munninn honum ſverðí nokkuru nema hiolltin við neꝺꝛa gomí enn eꝼra gomí

them. They thrust a sword into his mouth; the hilt rests against the lower gum, and against the upper gum

bloðreꝼillenn. þat er gomſpaʀ̇i. hans. hann greníar illelega ok ſleva renn oꝛ munni hans. þat er a ſu er

the point. That is his gag. He howls horribly, and slaver runs from his mouth; that is the river which

von heiter. þar liggr hann til ragna rǫkkrſ. þa mælti Gangleri ꝼurðu illa barna æign gat lokí enn ǫll

is called Van. There he lies until Ragnarok. Then Gangleri said: A monstrously evil brood Loki begot, and all

þeſſi ſẏſtkín eru mikil ꝼyrir ser enn ꝼyrir hvi ꝺrapu æigi æser ulꝼinn eꝼ þeim er illz aꝼ honum váán

these siblings are mighty. But why did the Æsir not kill the wolf, since they have evil to expect from him?

har ſagði Sua mikilſ virðu guðín ve ſin ok griða ſtaði at æigi villꝺu þau ſaurga þa með

Har said: The gods valued their sanctuaries and places of peace so highly that they would not defile them with

bloði ulꝼſinſ þa at sua ſegí ſpꜳrnar at hann muní verða at bana oðní.

the wolf's blood, even though the prophecies say that he will be the death of Odin.

æír hon er lækner beztr .iiij. er geꝼion. hon er mær ok henni þiona þær er meẏiar anꝺaz

Eir; she is the best of physicians. The fourth is Gefjon. She is a virgin, and those who die as maidens serve her.

marꝺǫll ok hǫꝛn. geꝼn ok ſẏr. Freẏia ááttí bꝛiſinga men. hon er ok kolloð vana ꝺiſ. Setta

Mardoll and Horn, Gefn and Syr. Freyja owned the Brisings' necklace. She is also called the dís [divine lady] of the Vanir. The sixth

bera einherium ǫl. þeſſar heita valkẏriur. þær ſenꝺer oðinn til hverrar oʀosto. þær kioſa ꝼeigð a menn

carry ale to the einherjar [Odin's chosen warriors]. These are called valkyries. Odin sends them to every battle. They allot death to men

ok raða ſigri. Guðꝛ ok rota ok noꝛn en ẏngſta er ſkullꝺ heiter riða iaꝼnan at kioſa val ok rꜳ̋ꝺa

and decide victory. Gud and Róta and the youngest norn, who is called Skuld, always ride to choose the slain and decide

vigum. ioꝛð moðer þoꝛſ ok rinꝺꝛ moðer vꜳla eru talðar með aſẏníum.

the battles. Jörd, Thor's mother, and Rind, Váli's mother, are counted among the goddesses.

Gẏmer het maðr enn kona hans aurboða hon var bergriſa ættar. ꝺotter þeiꝛa er gerðꝛ er allra qvenna var ꝼegrſt

There was a man called Gymir, and his wife Aurboda; she was of the kin of mountain-giants. Their daughter is Gerd, who was the most beautiful of all women.

þat var æinn ꝺag at ꝼræẏr haꝼði gengit i hliðſkialꝼ ok ſa um heima alla enn er hann leit i noꝛðꝛ ætt

It happened one day that Freyr had gone into Hlidskjálf and looked over all the worlds, and when he looked to the north

a valhǫll vera. ꝺccc. eínheria ganga ſenn oꝛ æinum ꝺẏrum. þa er þeiꝛ ꝼara við vitní at vega.

to be in Valhalla. Eight hundred einherjar [chosen champions] go out at once through one door when they go to fight the wolf.

þar ſmiðꝛ nokkuʀ̇ ok bauð at gera þeim borg a þrím miſſerum sua trauſta at oꝛugg værí

a certain smith there, and offered to build them a stronghold in three half-years, so sturdy that it would be safe

þa ꝼæriz ſmiðꝛinn i iǫtun moð. enn er æserner ſa þat til viſſ at þar var bergriſi kominn þa

then the smith flies into a giant's rage. And when the Æsir saw for certain that it was a mountain giant who had come there, then

ſiðaʀ̇ bar hann ꝼẏl. þat haꝼði .viij. ꝼætr ok er ſa heſtr baztr með guðum ok monnum. sua ſeger i vǫluſpa

later he bore a foal. It had eight legs, and that horse is the best among gods and men. So it says in Voluspa:

Skiðblaðner er beztr ſkipanna ok með meſtum hagleik goꝛt en naglꝼar er meſt ſkip

Skidbladnir is the best of ships and made with the greatest skill, but Naglfar is the largest ship

Enn þat er upphaꝼ þeſſa malſ að aku þoꝛr ꝼoꝛ með haꝼra ſína ok reið ok með honum ſa áſſ

But the beginning of this tale is that Oku-Thor set out with his goats and chariot, and with him the god

er loki heiter koma þeir at kvellꝺi til æinſ bonꝺa ok ꝼa þar að natt ſtað. ok um kvellꝺit

who is called Loki. They come in the evening to a farmer and get lodging for the night there. And in the evening

tok þoꝛr haꝼra ſina ok ſkar baða epter þat voro þeir ꝼlegner ok boꝛner til ketilſ enn er ſoðit var þa ſettiz þoꝛr

Thor took his goats and slaughtered both; after that they were skinned and carried to the cauldron. And when it was cooked, Thor sat down

til natt verðar. þoꝛr bauð til matar með ser buanꝺanum ok konu hans ok boꝛnum þeiꝛa. ſonr buanꝺa

to supper. Thor invited the farmer and his wife and their children to eat with him. The farmer's son

het þialꝼí enn rǫſkva ꝺotter. þa lagðí þoꝛr haꝼrſtǫkurnar utar ꝼra ellꝺínum ok mælti at bonꝺinn

was called Thjalfi, and the daughter Roskva. Then Thor laid the goatskins further out from the fire and said that the farmer

ok heíma menn hans ſkẏllꝺu kaſta a haꝼr ſtokuna bæínunum. þialꝼi ſon bonꝺa hellt a

and his household should throw the bones onto the goatskins. Thjalfi, the farmer's son, took hold of

lær legg haꝼrſenſ ok ſprettí a kniꝼí ſinum ok braut til mergiar. þoꝛr ꝺvalðiz þar um nottina

the goat's thigh-bone and split it with his knife and broke it open for the marrow. Thor stayed there for the night,

enn i ottu ꝼyrir ꝺag ſtoð hann upp ok klæꝺꝺí ſik tok hamarenn míǫllní bra upp ok vigði haꝼrſtokurnar

and in the small hours before day he got up and dressed, took the hammer Mjollnir, raised it and hallowed the goatskins.

ſtoðu þa upp haꝼrarner var þa annaʀ halltr eꝼtra ꝼætí. þat ſa þoꝛr ok talði at husbonꝺinn

Then the goats stood up; one of them was lame in the hind leg. Thor saw that and declared that the farmer

eða hans hion munꝺi æigi ſkẏnſamlegha haꝼa ꝼarið með beínum haꝼrſenſ kenner hann að brotinn var

or his household could not have dealt sensibly with the goat's bones; he perceives that it was broken,

lær leggrínn. æigi þarꝼ langt ꝼra því at ſegia vita megu þat megu þat aller hverſu hræꝺꝺꝛ bonꝺinn

the thigh-bone. There is no need to make a long story of it; all may know how frightened the farmer

munꝺi verða er hann ſa at þoꝛr let ſiga bꝛẏnnar oꝼan ꝼyrir augun enn þat er ſa augnanna þa hugðiz hann

must have been when he saw that Thor let his brows sink down over his eyes; and as for what he saw of the eyes, he thought he would

ꝼalla munꝺu ꝼyrir ſionínni æínní ſaman. hann herði henꝺꝛnar a hamar ſkaptínu sua at hvitnuðu

fall down at the sight of them alone. He clenched his hands on the hammer-shaft so that they went white,

knuarner. en bonꝺinn gioꝛði ſem von var ok oll hionín kolluðu akaꝼlega baðu ser ꝼriðar buðu

the knuckles. And the farmer did as was to be expected, and all the household cried out loudly, begged for mercy, offered

at ẏꝼerbot allt þat er þau áttu. enn er hann ſa ræzlu þeira þa gekk aꝼ honum moꝺꝛinn ok ſeꝼaðiz hann. Ok

as atonement all that they owned. And when he saw their terror, his rage left him and he calmed down, and

tok aꝼ þeim i ſætt bǫꝛn þeira þialꝼa ok rǫſku ok gioꝛðuz þau þa ſkẏllꝺer þionoſtu menn hans ok ꝼẏlgia

took from them in settlement their children, Thjalfi and Roskva, and they then became his bound servants, and they have followed

þau honum iaꝼnan ſiðan. let hann þar epter haꝼra en bẏriaði ꝼerðina auſtr i iotun heima Ok

him ever since. He left the goats behind there and began the journey east into Jotunheim, and

allt til haꝼſenſ ok þa ꝼoꝛ hann ut ẏꝼer haꝼít þat hið ꝺiupa enn er hann kom til lanꝺz þa gekk upp ok

[went] all the way to the sea, and then he went out over the sea, the deep one; and when he came to land, he went ashore, and

með honum lokí þialꝼi ok roſkva. þa er þau hoꝼðu litla hrið gengít þa varð ꝼyrir þeim moꝛk ſtoꝛ.

with him Loki, Thjalfi and Roskva. When they had walked a little while, a great forest lay before them.

gengu þau þann ꝺag allan til mẏrkrſ. þialví var allra manna ꝼothvataztr hann bar kẏl þoꝛſ

They walked all that day until dark. Thjalfi was the fastest of foot of all men; he carried Thor's bag,

enn til viſta var æigi gott. þa er mẏrkt var oꝛðit leituðu þeiꝛ ser til nattſtaðar ok ꝼunꝺu ꝼyrir ser ſkala

but provisions were not good to come by. When it had grown dark they looked for a place for the night, and found before them a hall,

nokkurn miǫg mikínn voꝛu ꝺẏʀ̇ a enꝺa ok iambꝛeiðar ſkalanum þar leituðu þeir ser nattbolſ

a very large one; there was a doorway at the end, as wide as the hall. There they looked for a night's lodging.

. enn um miꝺía nott varð lanꝺſkialꝼtí mikill gekk ioꝛðín þeim unꝺer ſkukkum ok ſkalꝼ

But in the middle of the night there was a great earthquake; the earth heaved under them in jolts, and there shook

huſið. þa ſtoð þoꝛr upp ok het a >lagſ m enn ſína ok leituðuz ꝼẏrer ok ꝼunꝺu aꝼ huſ til hægri hanꝺar

the house. Then Thor stood up and called to his companions, and they searched about and found a side-room on the right hand,

í míðíum ſkalanum ok gengu þannig ſettiz þoꝛr i ꝺẏrnar enn ǫnnur þau voro innar í ꝼra honum

in the middle of the hall, and went in there. Thor sat down in the doorway, and the others were further in, behind him,

ok voro þau hræꝺꝺ. enn þoꝛr hellt hamarſkaptínu ok hugði at veria ſik. þa hæẏrðu þꜹ

and they were afraid. But Thor held the hammer-shaft and meant to defend himself. Then they heard

ẏm mikinn ok gnẏ en er kom að ꝺagan þa gekk þoꝛr ut ok ſíer mann hvar la ſkamt ꝼra

a great groaning and roaring. And when it came towards dawn, Thor went out and sees a man lying a short way from

honum i ſkogínum ok var ſa æigi litill. hann ſvaꝼ ok hraut ſterklega. þa þottiz þoꝛr ſkilia hvat lætum

him in the forest, and he was not small. He was asleep and snoring mightily. Then Thor thought he understood what noises

veríð heꝼði um nottína. hann ſpentí ſig megín gioꝛðum ok ox honum aſmegín. en i þat

there had been in the night. He buckled on his belt of strength, and his divine strength grew. But at that

bilí vaknar ſa maðr ſtoð upp ſkiott en þa er ſagt at þoꝛ varð bilt æítt ſinní at ſla hann með

moment the man wakes, stood up quickly; and then it is said that for once Thor lost his nerve to strike him with

hamrenum ok ſpurði hann at naꝼní. Sa neꝼnꝺiz ſkrẏmer enn æigi þarꝼ ek ſeger hann at ſpẏria þik

the hammer, and he asked him his name. He named himself Skrymir. 'But I do not need,' he says, 'to ask you

naꝼnſ kenni ek at þu ert aſa þoꝛr. enn hvart heꝼer þu ꝺꝛegit i bꝛaut hannzka minn ſeillꝺiz

your name; I know that you are Asa-Thor. But have you dragged off my glove?' He reached

hann til ok tok upp hanzkann. ſier þoꝛr þa at þat haꝼðí hann haꝼt ꝼyrir ſkala um nottina enn aꝼ

out and picked up the glove. Thor sees then that he had had it for a hall in the night, and

huſit var þumlungꝛinn hanzkanſ. ſkrẏmer ſpurði eꝼ þoꝛr villꝺi haꝼa ꝼoꝛunæẏtí hans en þoʀ̇

the side-room was the thumb of the glove. Skrymir asked whether Thor wanted to have his company, and Thor

iatti þí. þa tok ſkrẏmer ok læẏſtí neſtbagga ſinn ok bioz til að eta ꝺagverð enn þoʀ̇ i oðꝛum ſtað

agreed to that. Then Skrymir took and untied his provision-bag and got ready to eat his morning meal, and Thor in another place

ok hans ꝼelagar. ſkrẏmer bauð at þeir legði mautu næẏti ſitt en þoꝛr iatti því. þa batt ſkrẏmer

with his companions. Skrymir proposed that they should put their provisions together, and Thor agreed to that. Then Skrymir tied

neſt þeira allt i æinn bagga ok lagði a bak ser. gekk ꝼyrir um ꝺaginn ok ſteig hellꝺ ſtoꝛu. enn

all their provisions into one bag and put it on his back. He went ahead through the day and took rather large strides. And

ſið at kvellꝺi læitaðí ſkrẏmer þeim nattſtaðar unꝺer æik mikillí þa mælti ſkrẏmer til þoꝛſ at

late in the evening Skrymir found them a place for the night under a great oak. Then Skrymir said to Thor that

hann vill leggiaz niðꝛ ok ſoꝼa enn þer takit neſtbaggann ok buið til nattverðar ẏðꝛ. þvi næſt ſoꝼnar

he wants to lie down and sleep, 'and you take the provision-bag and make your supper.' Next

ſkrẏmer ok hraut ꝼaſt enn þoꝛr tok neſtbaggan ok ſkal læẏſa en sua er at ſegia ſem otrulikt

Skrymir falls asleep and snored hard, and Thor took the provision-bag and is about to untie it. But it must be told, unbelievable as

mun þikkia at engan knut ꝼekk hann læẏſt ok engan alar enꝺann hrært ſua at þa værí

it will seem, that he could untie no knot and stir no strap-end so that it would be

lauſar enn aaðꝛ. ok er hann ser at þetta verk ma æigi nẏtaz þa verðꝛ hann reiðꝛ ok greip hamarenn miǫllní

looser than before. And when he sees that this labour comes to nothing, he becomes angry and gripped the hammer Mjollnir

tveim honꝺum ok ſteig ꝼramm ǫðꝛum ꝼætí at þar er ſkrẏmer la ok lẏſtr i hoꝼuð. enn ſkrẏmer

with both hands and stepped forward with one foot to where Skrymir lay, and strikes [him] on the head. But Skrymir

vaknar ok ſpẏʀ̇ hvart lauꝼſblað ꝼelli i hoꝼut honum eða hvart þeir haꝼi þa mataz ok ſe buner

wakes and asks whether a leaf had fallen on his head, or whether they had eaten now and were ready

til rekkna. þoꝛr ſagði at þeir munu þa ſoꝼa ganga þeir þa unꝺer aðꝛa eik er þat þer ſatt

for bed. Thor said that they were going to sleep then. They then go under another oak. It is the truth,

at ſegia at ekki var þa otta lauſt at ſoꝼa. enn að miðri nott þa hæẏrer þoꝛr at ſkrẏmer

to tell you, that it was not then free of fear to sleep. And at midnight Thor hears that Skrymir

hrẏtr ꝼaſt sua at ðunar i ſkogínum. þa ſtenðꝛ hann upp ok gengr til hans reið hamarenn títt ok hart ok

is snoring hard, so that it booms in the forest. Then he stands up and goes to him, swung the hammer fast and hard, and

lẏſtr í miðian hvirꝼil honum hann kenner at hamarſ munninn ſokkr ꝺiupt i hoꝼuðit. enn i því

strikes him in the middle of the crown; he feels that the face of the hammer sinks deep into the head. But at that

bili vaknar ſkrẏmer hvat er nu. ꝼell akarn nokkut i hoꝼut mer eða hvat er tiðt um þik þoꝛr

moment Skrymir wakes: 'What is it now? Did some acorn fall on my head? Or what news with you, Thor?'

en þoꝛr gekk aptr ſkẏnꝺilega ok ſagði at hann var þa nẏvaknaðꝛ ok þa var miðnott ok enn væri

But Thor went back hastily and said that he had just woken up, and that it was then midnight and there was still

maal at ſoꝼa. þa hugſaði þoꝛr þat eꝼ hann kiæimi sua i ꝼærí at ſla hann hið þriðia hogg aꝺ

time to sleep. Then Thor thought that if he got such a chance to strike him the third blow, that

allꝺꝛi ſkẏllꝺi hann ſia ſik ſiðan. liggr nu ok giæter eꝼ ſkrẏmer ſoꝼnar enn. ok litlu ꝼyrir ꝺagan þa

never would he see him again. He lies now and watches whether Skrymir falls asleep again. And a little before dawn

hæẏrer hann at ſkrẏmer mun ſoꝼnat haꝼa. ſtenꝺꝛ þa upp ok læẏpr at honum reiðer þa hamarenn

he hears that Skrymir must have fallen asleep. He stands up then and runs at him, swings the hammer then

aꝼ ǫllu aꝼli ok lẏſtr a þunnvangann þann er upp viſſi. ſękkr hamarenn upp að ſkaptínu.

with all his strength and strikes on the temple that faced upward. The hammer sinks in up to the shaft.

enn ſkrẏmer ſettiz upp ok ſtrauk um vangann ok mælti. hvart munu ꝼuglar nokkoꝛer ſitia í

But Skrymir sat up and stroked his cheek and said: 'Can there be some birds sitting in

trenu ẏꝼer mer mík grunaðí er ek vaknaði at troſ nokkut aꝼ kvíſtunum ꝼelli i hoꝼuð

the tree above me? I suspected, when I woke, that some litter from the branches fell on my head.

mer hvart vaker þu þoꝛr. mal mun vera at ſtanꝺa upp ok klæða. þo eigu þer nu ekki langa

Are you awake, Thor? It must be time to get up and dress. Yet you now have no long

leið ꝼramm til borgarennar er kǫlluð er utgarðꝛ. hæẏrt heꝼi ek at þer haꝼið kviſat millum

way ahead to the stronghold that is called Utgard. I have heard that you have whispered among

ẏðaʀ̇ at ek væra ekki litill maðꝛ vextí. enn ſia ſkulo þer þar ſtærrí menn eꝼ þer komit i utgarð

yourselves that I was no small man in stature; but you will see bigger men there if you come into Utgard.

. nu mun ek raða ẏðꝛ heilræði. lꜳ̋ti þer ekkí ſtoꝛlega ẏꝼer ẏðꝛ ekki munu hirðmenn

Now I will give you good advice: do not make much of yourselves. The retainers

ut garða loka vel þola þvilikum kogur ſveinum kǫpur ẏrði enn að oðꝛum koſti hverꝼit

of Utgarda-Loki will not put up well with boasting from such little lads. Or else turn

aptr ok þann ætla ek ẏðꝛ vera betra aꝼ að taka. enn eꝼ þer vilið ꝼram ꝼara þa ſteꝼnið þer.

back, and that [course] I think is the better for you to take. But if you want to go on, then head

i auſtr en ek a nu noꝛðꝛ leið til ꝼialla þeſſa er þer megít nu ſía mega. tekr ſkrẏmer neſtbaggann

east; but my way now lies north to these mountains that you can now see.' Skrymir takes the provision-bag

ok kaſtar a bak ser ok ſnẏr þvers í ſkogínn ꝼra þeim ok er þeſſ getið at æserner bæði þa heila hittaz

and throws it on his back and turns off across the forest away from them; and it is told that the Æsir then wished to meet [him] again in good health.

til miðſ ꝺagſ þa ſa þeir borg ſtanꝺa a vǫllum nokkurum ok ſettu hnakkan a bak ser aptr

until midday. Then they saw a stronghold standing on a certain plain, and they bent their necks back against their backs

aðꝛ þeir ꝼengu ſieð ẏꝼer upp. ganga til borgarennar ok var grinꝺ ꝼyrir borg hliðinu ok lokin aptʀ.

before they could see up over it. They go to the stronghold, and there was a lattice gate before the gateway, and it was shut fast.

Þoꝛr gekk a grinꝺína ok ꝼekk æigi upp lok̅it. enn er þeir þræẏttu at komaz i borrgina þa ſmugu

Thor went at the gate and could not get it open. But when they strove to get into the stronghold, they squeezed

þeiꝛ millum ſpalanna ok koma sua inn ſa þa hǫll mickla ok gengun þannig var hurðin opin. þa gengu

between the bars and so came in. They saw then a great hall and went to it; the door was open. Then they went

þeir inn ok ſa þar marga menn a tua bekkí ok ꝼleſta ærið ſtoꝛa þvi næſt komu þeir

in and saw there many men on two benches, and most of them quite big. Next they came

ꝼyrir konunginn utgarða loka ok kvoꝺꝺu hann en hann leit ſeínt til þeira ok glottí við tǫnn ok mælti.

before the king, Utgarda-Loki, and greeted him; but he was slow to look at them, and grinned through his teeth and said:

Seint er um langan veg at ſpẏria tiðinꝺa eða er annan veg enn hẏgg er þeſſi ſveinſtꜹli oꝛðinn

'It is slow to ask for news over a long road. Or is it otherwise than [I] think: has this little lad become

aku þoꝛr. enn meirí mun tu vera en mer ſẏniz þu eða hvat iþrotta er þat er þer ꝼaelagar þikkiz

Oku-Thor? But you must be bigger than you seem to me. And what feats are those that you companions think yourselves

vera viðbuner eingi ſkal her vera með oſſ ſa er æigi kunni nokkurſkonar liſt eða kunanꝺi umꝼram

ready for? No one shall be here with us who does not know some kind of art or skill beyond

aðꝛa menn. þa ſvarar ſa er ſiðarſt gekk er loki heiter. kann ek þa iþrott er ek em buinn að

other men.' Then the one who walked last, who is called Loki, answers: 'I know the feat that I am ready to

reẏna at eingi er her ſa inni at ſkiotara ſkal eta mat ſinn enn ek. þa ſvarar utgarða lokí. Iþrott

put to the test, that there is no one in here who will eat his food faster than I.' Then Utgarda-Loki answers: 'A feat

er þat eꝼ þu eꝼner ok ꝼreiſta ſkal þa þeſſar iþrottar. kallaði utar a bekkinn at ſa er logi heiter ſkal

that is, if you can do it; and this feat shall be tried now.' He called out along the bench that the one who is called Logi should

ganga a golꝼ ꝼramm ok ꝼreiſta ſin motí loka. þa var tekit trog æítt ok boꝛit inn a hallar golꝼit

come forward onto the floor and try himself against Loki. Then a trough was taken and carried in onto the hall floor

ok ꝼẏllt aꝼ ſlatri. ſettiz loki at ǫðꝛum enꝺa en logí að oðꝛum ok át hvartveggi ſem tiðaz ok

and filled with meat. Loki sat down at one end and Logi at the other, and each ate as fast as he could, and

mættuz i miðíu trogínu. haꝼði þa loki etið ſlatr allt aꝼ beinum enn logi haꝼði ok etit

they met in the middle of the trough. Loki had then eaten all the meat off the bones, but Logi had eaten

ſlatr allt ok beinín með ok sua trogit ok ſẏnꝺiz nu ǫllum ſem loki heꝼði latið leikinn.

all the meat and the bones with it, and the trough as well; and it now seemed to everyone that Loki had lost the game.

Þa ſpẏʀ̇ utgarða lokí hvat ſa enn ungí maðr kunni leika. enn þialꝼí ſagði at hann mun ꝼreíſta

Then Utgarda-Loki asks what game that young man knew. And Thjalfi said that he will try

ok renna ſkeið nokkut við einn hvern þann er utgarða loki ꝼærr til. Utgarðaloki ſeger at þetta er goð

to run some race against whichever one Utgarda-Loki brings forward. Utgarda-Loki says that this is a good

íþrott ok kallar þeſſ meirí uon at hann er vel at ser buínn um ſkiotleikinn eꝼ hann ſkal þeſſa i þrott inna

feat, and says it is all the more to be expected that he is well endowed with speed if he is to perform this feat;

enn þo lætr hann ſkiott ſkulu þeſſa ꝼreiſta. ſtenꝺr upp ok gengr ut ok var þar gott ſkeið at renna

but he will have this tried at once. He stands up and goes out, and there was a good course there to run

epter ſlettum vellí. þa kallar utgarðaloki til ſin ſvein ſtavla nokkurn er neꝼnꝺꝛ er hugí ok bað hann

along a level plain. Then Utgarda-Loki calls to him a certain young lad who is named Hugi, and told him

rena i kǫpp við þialꝼa. þa taka þeir ið ꝼẏrſta ſkeið ok er hugi þvi ꝼramaʀ̇ at hann ſnẏz aptr moti

to run a race against Thjalfi. Then they take the first course, and Hugi is so far ahead that he turns back to meet

honum at ſkeiðſ enꝺa. þa mælti Utgarðaloki þurꝼa mun tu þialꝼi at leggi þik meíʀ̇ ꝼramm eꝼ þu

him at the end of the course. Then Utgarda-Loki said: 'You will need, Thjalfi, to put yourself forward more if you

ſkalt vínna leikinn en þo er þat ſatt at ekki haꝼa her komít þeir menn at mer þikkia ꝼothvatarí

are to win the game; and yet it is true that no men have come here who seem to me swifter of foot [than you].'

þa taka þeir aptr annat ſkeið ok þa er hugi kemr til ſkeiðſ enꝺa ok hann ſneriz aptr þa var langt

Then they take another course again, and when Hugi comes to the end of the course and turned back, there was a long

kolꝼ ſkot til þialꝼa. þa mælti utgarðaloki vel þikki mer þialfi renna. enn æigi trui ek at hann vinni nu leíkinn

bolt-shot to Thjalfi. Then Utgarda-Loki said: 'Thjalfi seems to me to run well, but I do not believe that he will win the game now.

. enn nu mun ræẏna leikinn er þeir renna ið þriðia ſkeið. þa taka þeir enn ſkeiðit. rennr

But now it will be put to the proof, the game, when they run the third course.' Then they take the course again. Off runs

hugi til ſkeiðs enꝺa ok ſnẏz aptr ok er þialꝼi æigi þa kominn a mitt ſkeið. þa ſegi aller að ræynt er um þenna leik.

Hugi to the end of the course and turns back, and Thjalfi had not then reached the middle of the course. Then all say that this game has been decided.

Þa ſpẏr utgarðaloki þoꝛ hvat þeira iþrotta mun vera nt e͛ u̅ þ̅na leik.

Then Utgarda-Loki asks Thor which of those feats it will be - about this game -

er hann muní vilia birta ꝼyrir þeim sua mikklar ſogur ſem menn haꝼa goꝛt um ſtoꝛvirkí hans þa

that he would want to show before them, such great tales as people have made about his mighty deeds. Then

ſvarar þoꝛr. að hellz vill hann þat til taka at þræẏta um ꝺꝛẏkiu við æinn hvern mann. Utgarðaloki ſeger

Thor answers that he would most like to undertake to compete in drinking with any man. Utgarda-Loki says

at þat ma vel vera. gengr inn i hollina. ſkal taka vitiſ hoꝛn þat er hirꝺ menn eru vaner að

that that may well be; he goes into the hall, and is going to fetch the forfeit-horn that the retainers are used to

ꝺꝛekka aꝼ þvi næſt kemr ꝼramm ſkutil ſveínn með hoꝛnínu ok ꝼær þoꝛ i honꝺ. þa mælti utgarðaloki

drinking from. Next a cup-bearer comes forward with the horn and puts it into Thor's hand. Then Utgarda-Loki said:

aꝼ hoꝛní þeſſu þikki þa velꝺꝛukkit eꝼ i eínum ꝺꝛẏkk gengr aꝼ enn ſumer ꝺꝛikka aꝼ i .ij. ꝺꝛẏkkium

'From this horn it is thought well drunk if it is emptied in one draught, but some empty it in two draughts,

enn eingi er sua mikilllitill >ꝺꝛẏkkiu maðr at æigi gangi aꝼ i þrimr. Þoꝛr litr a hoꝛnit ok ſẏniz ekkí

and no one is so little a drinker that it is not emptied in three.' Thor looks at the horn, and it does not seem

mikit ok er þo hellꝺꝛ langt en hann er miǫk þẏſtr tekr ok ꝺꝛekr ok ſvelgr allſtoꝛum ok hẏggʀ

big, though it is rather long; and he is very thirsty: he takes it and drinks, and swallows enormously, and thinks

at æigi ſkal hann þurꝼa optar at luta i hoꝛnít. enn er hann þraut erenꝺít ok hann laut oꝛ hoꝛníno Ok

that he will not need to bend to the horn more often. But when his breath gave out and he lifted his head from the horn, and

ser hvat leið ꝺꝛẏkkinum ok liz honum sua ſem all litill munr mun vera at nu ſe lægra i hoꝛnino

sees how the drinking went, it seems to him that there is very little difference, that it is now lower in the horn

enn aðꝛ. þa mælti utgarðaloki vel er ꝺꝛukkit ok æi til mikit. æigi munꝺa ek trua eꝼ mer værí ſagt ꝼra

than before. Then Utgarda-Loki said: 'It is well drunk, and not too much. I would not have believed it, if I had been told

at aſa þoꝛr munꝺí æigi meíra ꝺꝛẏkk ꝺꝛekka enn þo veit ek at þu munt vilia ꝺꝛekka

that Asa-Thor could not drink a bigger draught. But I know that you will want to drink it

aꝼ i oðꝛum ꝺꝛẏkk þoꝛr ſagði engu ſetr hoꝛnið a munn ser ok hẏggr nu at hann ꝺꝛekka meira ꝺꝛẏkk

off in the second draught.' Thor said nothing; he sets the horn to his mouth and thinks now that he will drink a bigger draught,

. ok þæẏter a ꝺꝛẏkkiuna ſem honum vannz til erenꝺít ok enn ser hann at ſtikill hoꝛnſinſ vill æigi

and strains at the drinking as long as his breath held out; and still he sees that the tip of the horn will not

upp sua míog ſem honum likar ok er hann tok hoꝛnít aꝼ munni ser ok liz honum nu ſem minna haꝼi þoꝛrit

come up as much as he would like. And when he took the horn from his mouth, it seems to him now that it has gone down less

en hinn ꝼẏʀ̇a ſinni er nu gott beranꝺí boꝛð a hoꝛnínu. þa mælti Utgarðaloki hvat er nu þoʀ̇

than the time before; there is now a good carrying-brim on the horn. Then Utgarda-Loki said: 'What now, Thor?

mun tu nu æigi ſpara til æínſ ꝺꝛẏkkiar meira en þer mun hagr a vera. sua liz mer eꝼ þu ſkalt

Will you not now hold back for one draught more than will suit you? So it seems to me, if you are

nu ꝺꝛekka aꝼ hoꝛnínu enn þriðia ꝺꝛẏkkínn ſem þeſſi mun meſtr ætlaðꝛ enn ekki mun

now to drink the third draught from the horn, that this one must be meant to be the biggest; but you will not

tu mega her heita með oſſ sua mikill maðr ſem æser kalla þik eꝼ þu gioꝛer æigi meira aꝼ þer

be able to be called here among us so great a man as the Æsir call you, if you do not make more of yourself

um aðꝛa leika enn mer liz at þenna mun vera. þa var þoʀ̇ reiðꝛ ſetr hoꝛnit a munn ser ok ꝺꝛekkr

in other games than it seems to me there will be in this one.' Then Thor was angry; he sets the horn to his mouth and drinks

ſem akaꝼlegaz ok þꝛæẏter ſem meſt a ꝺꝛẏkkinn. enn er hann ſa i hoꝛnít þa haꝼði nu hellꝺz

as hard as he can, and strains as much as possible at the draught. But when he looked into the horn, then at last

nokkut munr a ꝼengiz ok þa bẏðꝛ hann upp hoꝛníð ok vill eigi ꝺꝛekka meira. þa mælti Utgarðaloki

some difference had been made; and then he hands back the horn and will not drink more. Then Utgarda-Loki said:

auðſætt er nu at maattr þinn er ekki sua mikill ſem ver hugðum eða vill tu ꝼreiſta um ꝼleiri leika

'It is plain now that your strength is not as great as we thought. Will you try more games?

ſia ma nu at ekki nẏter þu her aꝼ. þoꝛr ſeger ꝼꝛeiſta ma ek enn um nokkura leika enn

It can be seen now that you get nothing out of this.' Thor says: 'I can still try some games; but

unꝺarlega munꝺi mer þikkia þa er ek var heíma með aſum eꝼ þiliker ꝺꝛẏkker væri sua litlir

it would have seemed strange to me, when I was at home among the Æsir, if such draughts had been so little

kallaðer. enn hvat leik vili þer nu bioða mer. þa mælti utgarðaloki.

reckoned. But what game will you offer me now?' Then Utgarda-Loki said:

Þat gera her unger ſveinar er litið mark mun þikkía at heꝼia aꝼ ioꝛðu kǫtt min̅n. enn

'Young lads here do this, which will seem of little account: lifting my cat off the ground. But

æigi munꝺa ek kunna at mæla þvilikt við aſa þor eꝼ ek heꝼða æigi ſieð ꝼẏʀ at þu

I would not have known how to speak of such a thing to Asa-Thor if I had not seen before that you

ert mẏcklu minni ꝼyrir þer en ek hugða. þvi næſt liop ꝼramm kǫttr æinn grar a hallar golꝼit

are much less of a man than I thought.' Next a grey cat ran forward onto the hall floor,

ok hellꝺꝛ mikill en þoꝛr gekk til ok tok henꝺí ſinni viðꝛ unꝺer miðian kviðin̅n. Ok

and rather big; and Thor went up and put his hand under the middle of its belly and

lẏpti upp en kottrinn bæẏgði kenginn sua ſem þoꝛr rettí upp honꝺina ok þa er þorr

lifted [it] up; but the cat arched its back just as Thor stretched up his hand. And when Thor

ſeillꝺiz sua langt upp ſem hann matti lengzt þa liettí kottrínn æínum ꝼætí ok ꝼekk þoꝛr æigi

reached up as far as he could reach furthest, then the cat lifted one foot, and Thor could not

ꝼramið þenna leík meiʀ̇ þa mælti Utgarðaloki Sua ꝼoꝛ þeſſi leikr ſem mik varði. kottrinn er

carry this game further. Then Utgarda-Loki said: 'This game went as I expected. The cat is

hellꝺꝛ mikill enn þoꝛr er lagr ok litill hia ſtoꝛmenní þi ſem her er með oſſ. þa mælti þoꝛr. Sua

rather big, and Thor is low and small beside the big men that are here with us.' Then Thor said: 'As

litinn ſem þer kallið mik gangi til æinnhverr ok ꝼaiz við mík nu em ek reíðꝛ. þa arar utgarðaloki ok

small as you call me, let someone come up and wrestle with me; now I am angry.' Then Utgarda-Loki answers, and

leit a bekkína. æigi ſe ek þann mann her inni at æigi mun litilræði i þikkia at ꝼaz við

looked along the benches: 'I do not see the man in here who will not think it beneath him to wrestle with

þik. ok enn mælti hann Siam ꝼẏrſt kalli mer hingat kerlingína ꝼoſtru mína ellí ok ꝼaiz þoꝛr

you.' And he spoke further: 'Let us see first: call here to me the old woman, my foster-mother Elli, and let Thor wrestle

við hana. eꝼ hann vill. ꝼellt heꝼer hon þa menn er mer haꝼa ſẏnnz æigi uſterklegri en þoꝛr er. þvi næſt kom

with her if he wants. She has thrown men who have seemed to me no less strong than Thor is.' Next there came

i hollina kerling nokkur gomul. þa mælti utgarðaloki at hon ſkal taka ꝼang við aaſa þoꝛ. ekki

into the hall an old woman, aged. Then Utgarda-Loki said that she should take a hold with Asa-Thor. There is no

þarꝼ her langt um at gera sua ꝼoꝛ ꝼang þat at þvi harðara enn þoꝛr knuðiz at ꝼanginu

need to make a long story of it: that bout went such that the harder Thor pressed at the wrestling,

þvi ꝼaſtara ſtoð hon þa tok kerlingín at leita til bꝛagða ok varð þoꝛr þa lauſſ

the firmer she stood. Then the old woman began to try for holds, and Thor then became loose

a ꝼotum ok voro þær ſviptingar allharðar ok æigi lengi aðꝛ þoꝛr ꝼell a kne ǫðꝛum ꝼætí

on his feet, and those struggles were very hard; and it was not long before Thor fell to one knee.

þa gekk til utgarða lokí ok bað þau hætta ꝼangínu ok ſagði sua at þoꝛr munꝺi æigi þurꝼa

Then Utgarda-Loki went up and told them to stop the wrestling, and said that Thor would not need

at bioða ꝼleirum monnum ꝼang i hans hirð. var þa ok komið at nott viſaði utgarðaloki þeim

to challenge more men of his household to wrestle. It had now also come on to night; Utgarda-Loki showed them

þa mælti utgarðaloki nu ſkal ſegia þer hið ſanna er þu ert ut kominn um borgina ok eꝼ ek liꝼi ok mega

Then Utgarda-Loki said: Now you shall be told the truth, now that you have come out of the stronghold: if I live and may

ek raða þa ſkal tu allꝺꝛi optaʀ̇ i hana koma ok þat veit tru mín að allꝺri heꝼðer þu i hana

have my way, you shall never again come into it; and by my faith, you would never have

komit eꝼ ek heꝼða vitað aðꝛ at þu heꝼðer sua mikinn krapt með þer ok þu heꝼðer sua næʀ

come into it if I had known beforehand that you had such great strength in you, and that you would so nearly

haꝼt oſſ mikilli oꝼæru. enn ſionhvꝼingar heꝼi ek goꝛt þer ok ꝼẏrſta ſinn a ſkoginum

have brought us into great disaster. But I have worked illusions on you, and the first time, in the forest,

kom ek til ꝼunꝺar við ẏðꝛ ok þa er þu ſkẏllꝺer læẏſa neſtbaggan þa haꝼða ek bunꝺit hann

I came to meet you, and when you were to undo the provision bag, I had bound it

með gꝛeſſ iarní en þu ꝼant æigi hvar upp ſkẏllꝺí luka. enn þi næſt lauſt þu mik með

with iron wire, and you did not find where it should be opened. And next you struck me with

hamrínum .iij. hogg. ok var hit ꝼẏrſta mínnzt ok var þo sua mikit at mer munꝺí enꝺaz til

the hammer three blows, and the first was the least, and yet it was so great that it would have been enough

bana eꝼ a heꝼði komít. enn þar er þu ſatt hia borg mínni ſet berg ok þar ſattu oꝼan i

to kill me if it had landed. But where you saw near my stronghold a flat-topped mountain, and there you saw down in it

þria ꝺalí ꝼerſkæẏtta ok æinn ꝺiupaztan þat voro hamarſpoꝛ þín ſetberginu bra ek ꝼyrir hǫggín

three square valleys, and one the deepest: those were the marks of your hammer. I brought the flat-topped mountain in front of the blows,

en æigi ſꜳ̋t tu þat sua var ok um leikana er þer þræẏttut við hirð mina þa var þat hið

but you did not see that. So it was also with the contests in which you strove with my household: the

ꝼẏrſta er loki gioꝛði. hann var míok ſolltinn ok aat titt. enn ſa er logi heiter þat var villiellꝺꝛ

first was what Loki did. He was very hungry and ate fast, but the one called Logi, that was wildfire,

ok bꝛenꝺi hann æigi ſeinna trogít enn ſlatrið. enn er þialꝼi þꝛræẏtti raſ við þann er hugi heiter

and it burned the trough no slower than the meat. And when Thialfi ran a race against the one called Hugi,

þat var hugr minn var þialva æigi vænt at þræẏta ſkiotꝼærí við han̅n. en þat er þu ꝺrakt

that was my thought; Thialfi could not hope to match it for speed. And when you drank

aꝼ hoꝛnínu ok þotti þer ſeint líða en þat veít tru mín at þa varð þat unꝺꝛ er ek munꝺa æigi

from the horn and thought it went down slowly, by my faith, then there happened a wonder that I would not

trua at vera mættí annaʀ̇ enꝺ͛er hornſinſ var ut i haꝼi en þat ſat tu æigi. en nu er þu kemr

have believed could be: the other end of the horn was out in the sea, but you did not see that. But now, when you come

til ſęvarens þa mun tu ſia mega hvern þurð þu heꝼer ꝺꝛukkit a ſionum. þat eru nu ꝼiǫꝛur

to the sea, you will be able to see what a lowering you have drunk in the sea; that is now the ebb,

kallaðar ok enn mælti hann. æigi þottí mer hitt minna vert er þu lẏpter upp kettínum ok þer ſatt

as it is called. And he spoke further: It seemed to me no less remarkable that you lifted up the cat, and to tell you

at ſegia þa hræꝺꝺuz aller þeir er ſa er þu lẏpter aꝼ ioꝛðu æinum ꝼætínum enn ſa kottr

the truth, all who saw it were afraid when you lifted one of its feet off the ground. But that cat

var æigi ſem þer ſẏnꝺiz þat var miðgarðz oꝛmr er liggꝛ um lonꝺ ǫll ok vannz honum varla lengꝺ

was not as it seemed to you: it was the Midgard Serpent, which lies around all lands, and its length barely sufficed

til að ioꝛðina tækí ſpoꝛðꝛ ok hoꝼuð ok sua langt ſeillꝺiz þu upp at ſkamt var þa til hímínſ

for its tail and head to touch the earth; and you reached up so high that it was then only a short way to the sky.

Enn hitt var ok mikit unꝺꝛ um ꝼangit er þu ſtoðt sua lengi við ok ꝼell æigi meiʀ̇ en a kne ǫðrum

And it was also a great wonder about the wrestling, that you held out so long and fell no further than onto the knee of one

ꝼætí er þu ꝼekkz við elli ꝼyrir þvi at æingí heꝼer ſa voꝛðit ok eingí mun verða eꝼ gamall

leg, when you wrestled with Old Age; for there has been no one, nor will there be, who, if he grows old,

verðꝛ at æi komi ellín ǫllum til ꝼallz ok er nu þat ſatt at ſegía at ver munum ſkiliaz ok mun

is not brought to a fall by old age, as all are. And now it is true to say that we shall part, and it will

þa betr hvarra tveggiu hanꝺar at þer komið æigi optaʀ̇ mik at ꝼinna. ek mun enn annat

then be better for both sides that you do not come to see me again. I shall another

ſinn veria borg mína með þilikum velum eða oðꝛum sua að ekki vallꝺ munu þer a mer ꝼa. enn er

time defend my stronghold with such tricks or others, so that you will get no power over me. And when

þoꝛr hæẏrði þeſſa tǫlu greip hann til hamarſenſ ok bregði a lopt enn er hann ſkal ꝼramm reiða þa ser

Thor heard this speech, he grabbed his hammer and swung it aloft. But when he is about to bring it forward, then he sees

hann hvergi utgarða loka ok þa ſnẏz hann aptr til borgarennar ok ætlaz þat ꝼyrir at briota borgina

Utgarda-Loki nowhere. And then he turns back to the stronghold, intending to smash the stronghold;

þa ſier hann þar vǫllu viða ok ꝼagra en enga borg. Snẏz hann aptr ok ꝼerr leið ſína til þeſſ er

then he sees there wide and fair plains, but no stronghold. He turns back and goes his way until

hann kom aptr i þꝛuðvanga en þat er ſatt at ſegia at þa haꝼði hann rꜳðit ꝼyrir ser at leita til

he came back to Thrudvangar. And it is true to say that he had then resolved to try

eꝼ ſaman mætti vera ꝼunꝺi þeira miꝺgarðz oꝛmſ ſem ſiðaʀ varð. nu ætla ek at eíngi

whether he and the Midgard Serpent might meet, as later happened. Now I think that no one

kunni þer ꝼramarr at ſegia ꝼra þeſſi ꝼerð þoꝛſ. þa mælti Gangleri Allmikkill er utgarðaloki ꝼyrir ſier enn

could tell you more of this journey of Thor's. Then Gangleri said: Utgarda-Loki is very mighty, and

með velum ok ꝼiolkẏngi ꝼerr hann miǫk. enn þat ma ſia at hann er mikill ꝼyrir ser at hann attí hirðmenn

he deals much in tricks and sorcery. But it can be seen that he is mighty, in that he had retainers

þa er mikinn matt haꝼa eða hvart heꝼer þoʀ̇ ekki þeſſ heꝼnt.

who have great might. Or has Thor not avenged this?

Haaʀ ſvarar sua. æigi er þat okunnikt þott æigi ſe ꝼræði menn er þoʀ̇ leiðrettí þeſſa ꝼerðina er

Har answers thus: It is not unknown, even to those who are not learned men, that Thor made good this journey which

nu var ꝼra ſagt ok ꝺvalðiz ekki lengí heima aðꝛ hann bioz sua ſkẏnꝺiliga til ꝼerðar at hann

has just been told of; and he did not stay long at home before he made ready for a journey so hastily that he

haꝼði æigi haꝼrana ok ekki ꝼoꝛunæẏti. gekk hann ut um ꜳſgarð sua ſem ungr ꝺꝛengꝛ ok kom æinn

did not have the goats, nor any companions. He went out from Asgard in the likeness of a young lad, and came one

aptan at kvellꝺi til iǫtunſ æinſ ſa het ẏmer. þorr ꝺualðiz þar að giſtingu um nottína en i

evening, at nightfall, to a certain giant; he was called Ymir. Thor stayed there as a guest overnight, and at

ꝺagan ſtoð ẏmer upp ok klæꝺꝺiz ok bioz at roa a ſæ til ꝼiſkíar. enn þoʀ̇ upp ok var ſkiott

dawn Ymir got up and dressed and made ready to row out to sea to fish. And Thor [sprang] up and was quickly

buinn ok bað at ẏmer ſkẏllꝺí lata hann roa með ser. en ẏmer ſagði at litil lið ſemð munꝺí at

ready, and asked that Ymir should let him row with him. But Ymir said that little help would

honum vera er hann litill ok ungmenní æítt ok mun þik kala eꝼ ek ſit sua lengi ok utarlega ſem ek

come from him, since he was small and only a youngster: and you will get cold if I sit as long and as far out as I

em vanr enn þoʀ ſagði at hann munꝺí roa mega ꝼyrir þvi langt ꝼra lanꝺi at æigi var viſt hvart

am used to. But Thor said that for all that he could row a long way from land, and that it was not certain whether

hann munꝺi ꝼẏʀ̇ beiðaz at roa utan ok reiꝺꝺiz þoʀ̇ iotnínum sua at þa var buið at hann

he would be the first to ask to row back; and Thor grew so angry with the giant that it was near that he

munꝺi þegar lata hamarenn ſkella honum. enn hann let þat við beraz ꝼyrir þi at hann hugði þa at ræẏna

would at once let the hammer crash down on him. But he let it pass, because he meant then to test

aꝼl ſitt i oðꝛum ſtað. hann ſpurði ẏmí hvat þeir ſkẏllꝺu haꝼa at beitum en ẏmer bað hann

his strength in another place. He asked Ymir what they should have for bait, but Ymir told him

ſialꝼan ꝼa ser beitur. þa ſneriz þoʀ brott þangat er hann ſa ǫxna ꝼlokk nokkurn er ẏmer

to get bait for himself. Then Thor turned away to where he saw a certain herd of oxen that Ymir

atti. hann tok enn meſta uxann er himin hriotr er kallaðr ok ſleit aꝼ hoꝼuðit ok ꝼoꝛ með til ſioꝼar

owned. He took the biggest ox, which is called Himinhriot, and tore off its head and went with it to the sea.

haꝼði þa ẏmer ut ſkotið nǫkkvanum. þoꝛr gekk a ſkipit ok ſettiz i auſt rum tok tvær arar

Ymir had by then pushed out the boat. Thor went aboard and sat down in the bailing-space, took two oars

ok reri ok þotti ẏmi ſkriðꝛ verða aꝼ roðꝛí hans. ẏmer rerí i halſinum ꝼramm ok ſottiz ſkiott

and rowed, and Ymir thought there was good speed from his rowing. Ymir rowed forward in the bow, and swiftly went

roðꝛinn. ſagði ẏmer at þa voro þeir komner a þær vaſter er hann var vanr at ſitia ok ꝺraga ꝼlata

the rowing. Ymir said that they had now come to the fishing-banks where he was used to sit and catch flat

ꝼiſka. en þorr kveðz villꝺu roa mẏcklu lengra ok toku þeir enn ſnerti roðꝛ. þa ſagði ẏmer

fish. But Thor says he wants to row much further, and they took another spurt of rowing. Then Ymir said

at þeir voro komner sua langt ut at hætt var at ſitia ꝼyrir miðgarðz oꝛmí. enn þorr kvez munꝺu roa

that they had come so far out that it was dangerous to sit there because of the Midgard Serpent. But Thor says he will row

enn um hrið ok sua gioꝛði hann. en ẏmer var þa allokatr. en þa er þoʀ̇ lagði upp ararnar gꝛeiꝺꝺi

on a while yet, and so he did. And Ymir was then very unhappy. And when Thor laid up the oars, he made ready

hann til vað hellꝺꝛ ſterkan ok æigi var ǫngullenn minní eða oꝛamlegri. þar let þorr koma a ǫngulinn

a fishing line, a rather strong one, and the hook was no smaller or less sturdy. Then Thor put onto the hook

uxa hoꝼuðit ok kaſtaði ꝼyrir boꝛð ok ꝼoꝛ ǫngullinn til grunnz ok er þat ſatt at ſegia at æigi gíntí

the ox-head and cast it overboard, and the hook went to the bottom. And it is true to say that Thor fooled

þorr minnr þa míðgarðz oꝛm enn utgarða lokí haꝼði ſpottat þoꝛ þa er hann hoꝼ oꝛmínn upp

the Midgard Serpent then no less than Utgarda-Loki had mocked Thor when he lifted the serpent up

með henꝺi ser Miðgarðz oꝛmr gæín um uxahauꝼuðit. enn ǫngullinn va i gominn ormínum

with his hand. The Midgard Serpent gaped over the ox-head, and the hook stuck in the serpent's gum.

. enn er oꝛmrenn kenꝺi þat bra hann við sua hart at baðer hneꝼar þoꝛſ ſkullu ut at boꝛðínu

And when the serpent felt that, it jerked back so hard that both of Thor's fists struck against the gunwale.

þa varð þoʀ reiðꝛ ok ꝼærðiz i aſmegín ſpẏrnꝺi við sua ꝼaſt at hann liop baðum ꝼotum í gegnum

Then Thor grew angry and took on his god-strength, braced himself so hard that he went with both feet through

ſkipit ok ſpẏrnꝺi við grunní ꝺꝛo þa oꝛmínn upp at boꝛði. enn þat ma ſegía at eingi heꝼer

the ship, and braced against the bottom; then he drew the serpent up to the gunwale. And it can be said that no one has

ſa ſieð all ogurlegar ſioner er æigi mattí þat ſia er þorr hveſtí augun a oꝛmínn. enn oꝛmrinn ſtarði

seen truly terrifying sights who did not see how Thor fixed his eyes on the serpent; and the serpent glared

neðan i mot ok bleſ æitrínu. þa er ſagt at iotunninn ẏmer gerðiz litverpr. ꝼǫlnaði ok ræꝺꝺíz

up from below against him and blew poison. Then it is said that the giant Ymir changed colour, grew pale and was afraid

er hann ſa Orminn ok þat er ſioꝛinn ꝼell ut ok inn um nǫkkvann. ok i þui bilí er þoʀ̇ gꝛeip hamarenn ok ꝼærði

when he saw the serpent, and how the sea poured out and in over the boat. And at the moment when Thor grabbed the hammer and raised [it]

a lopt þa ꝼalmaði iǫtunninn til agnſax ok hio vað þoꝛſ a boꝛði. enn oꝛmrenn ſektiz i ſioenn

aloft, the giant fumbled for his bait-knife and cut Thor's line at the gunwale, and the serpent sank into the sea.

. enn þorr kaſtaði hamrenum epter honum ok ſegia menn at hann lẏſti aꝼ honum hoꝼuðit við hronnunum

And Thor threw the hammer after it, and people say that he struck its head off among the waves;

. enn ek hẏgg hitt vera þer ſatt at ſegía at miðgarðz.Ormrinn liꝼer enn ok liggr i ſia. en þoʀ̇ reiꝺꝺi

but I think the truth to tell you is that the Midgard Serpent still lives and lies in the sea. And Thor swung

til hneꝼann ok ſetr við æẏra ẏmí sua at hann ſtæẏptíz ꝼyrir boꝛð ok ſier i iliar honum. enn þoʀ̇ oð til lanꝺz.

his fist and set it against Ymir's ear so that he toppled overboard, and one sees the soles of his feet. And Thor waded to land.

trekverkí vann Þorr i þeſſi ꝼerð. þa ſeger haar. vera mun at ſegia ꝼra þeim tiðinꝺum er meira

feat of strength Thor performed on this journey. Then High says: There is [this] to tell of those events that seemed more

þotti vert aſunum. enn þat er upphaꝼ þeirar ſogu at ballꝺꝛ hinn goða ꝺꝛæẏmði ðꝛauma ſtoꝛa ok

important to the Æsir. And the beginning of that story is that Baldr the Good dreamed great and

hættlega vm líꝼ ſítt. enn er hann ſagði aſunum ꝺꝛaumana þa baru þeir ſaman rað ſín ok var þat

dangerous dreams about his life. And when he told the Æsir the dreams, they took counsel together, and it was

goꝛt at beiða griða ballꝺꝛí ꝼyrir allz konar hꜳſka. ok ꝼrigg tok ſuarꝺaga til þeſſ at æíra ſkẏllꝺi

resolved to ask truce for Baldr against every kind of danger. And Frigg took oaths to this end, that they should spare

ballꝺꝛí ellꝺꝛ uatn iarn ok allz konar malmr ſteinar ioꝛðín viðirner ſotternar ꝺẏren ꝼuglarner

Baldr: fire, water, iron and every kind of metal, stones, the earth, the trees, the sicknesses, the animals, the birds,

æitríð oꝛmarner. enn er þetta var goꝛt ok vítað. þa var þat ſkemtan ballꝺꝛſ ok aſanna

poison, the serpents. And when this was done and known, it became a pastime of Baldr and the Æsir

at hann ſkẏllꝺí ſtanꝺa upp a þingum en aꝺꝛer æser ſkẏllꝺv ſumer ſkiota a hann ſumer hoggva til

that he would stand up at the assemblies and the other Æsir would, some shoot at him, some strike at [him],

ſumer beria griotínv. enn hvat ſem að var goꝛt ſakaði hann ekki. ok þottí þetta ǫllum mikill

some pelt [him] with stones. And whatever was done, it did not harm him, and this seemed to all a great

ꝼramí. en er þetta ſa loki lauꝼæẏiar ſon þa likaði honum illa. hann gekk til ꝼenſalar til ꝼriggiar

distinction. But when Loki, Laufey's son, saw this, he was displeased. He went to Fensalir, to Frigg,

ok bra ser i konv líkí. þa ſpẏʀ̇ ꝼrigg eꝼ ſv kona viſſi hvat æser heꝼðiz að a þinginv. hon

and changed himself into the likeness of a woman. Then Frigg asks whether the woman knew what the Æsir were doing at the assembly. She

ſagði at aller ſkutu að ballꝺrí ok þat at hann ſakaði ekkí. þa mælti ꝼrigg. æigi munu uapn eða viðer

said that all were shooting at Baldr, and that he was not harmed. Then Frigg said: Neither weapons nor wood will

granꝺa ballꝺꝛí. æiða heꝼi ek ꝼengit aꝼ ǫllum þeim. þa ſpẏʀ̇ konan. haꝼa aller luter þer æiða

harm Baldr; I have received oaths from all of them. Then the woman asks: Have all things sworn you oaths

unnit at æira ballꝺri. þa ſeger ꝼrigg. vex viðar teínungr æínn ꝼyrir veſtan valhǫll. Sa er kallaðꝛ

to spare Baldr? Then Frigg says: There grows one shoot of a tree west of Valhalla. It is called

miſtil teinn. ſa þottí mer ungr at kreꝼia eiðſínſ. þvi næſt hvarꝼ konan bꝛaút.

mistletoe. It seemed to me too young to demand its oath from. Next the woman vanished away.

enn loki tok miſtilteín ok ſleit vpp ok gekk til þingſ. enn hǫðꝛ ſtoð utarlega i mannhringinum

And Loki took the mistletoe and pulled it up and went to the assembly. And Höd stood at the outer edge of the ring of people,

þviat hann var blinꝺꝛ. þa mælti loki við hann. hvi ſkẏtr þu ekki at ballꝺrí. hann ſvaraði þviat ek ſe æigí

because he was blind. Then Loki said to him: Why are you not shooting at Baldr? He answered: Because I do not see

hvar ballꝺꝛ er ok þat annat at ek em vapn láuſſ. þa mælti loki. ɢioꝛ þu þo i liking annarra

where Baldr is, and secondly, because I am without a weapon. Then Loki said: Do it all the same, like other

manna ok veit ballꝺri ſæmð ſem aꝺꝛer menn ek mun uiſa þer til hvar hann ſtenꝺꝛ. ſkiot at honum

men, and show Baldr honour as other men do. I will direct you to where he stands. Shoot at him

venꝺi þeſſum. Hǫðꝛ tok miſtilteín ok ſkaut að ballꝺꝛí at til viſan loka. ꝼlaug ſkotið í

with this stick. Höd took the mistletoe and shot at Baldr, at Loki's direction. The shot flew

gegnum hann. ok ꝼell balldr ꝺauðꝛ til iarðar ok heꝼer þat meſt uhapp goꝛt verið með guðum ok monnum. þa er

through him, and Baldr fell dead to the ground, and that is the greatest misfortune ever done among gods and men. When

ballꝺꝛ var ꝼallinn þa ꝼelluz ǫllum aſum oꝛðtok ok sua henꝺꝛ at taka til hans ok ſa hverr til annarí

Baldr had fallen, words failed all the Æsir, and their hands likewise, to take hold of him, and each looked at the other,

ok voro með æinum hug aller til þeſſ er unníð haꝼði verkít. enn æigi mattí heꝼna þar var sua mikill griðaſtaðꝛ

and all were of one mind toward him who had done the deed. But no one could take vengeance; it was so great a place of sanctuary there.

. en þa er æserner vitkuðuz þa var þat ꝼẏrſt at gratrinn kom upp sua at æingi mattí oðꝛum

And when the Æsir came to their senses, the first thing was that weeping broke out, so that no one could tell another

ſegia með oꝛðunum ꝼra ſinum harmí. enn oðenn bar þeim mun verſt þenna ſkaða ſem hann kunni meſta

in words of his grief. But Odin bore this loss the worst, in that he had the greatest

ſkẏn hverſu mikil aꝼtaka ok míſſa aſunum var i ꝼraꝼalli ballꝺꝛſ. en er guðin vitkuðuz

understanding of how great a loss and bereavement for the Æsir lay in Baldr's death. And when the gods came to their senses,

Þa mælti ꝼriɢ̇ ok ſpurði hverr ſa væri með aſum er æignaz villꝺí allar aſter mínar ok hÿlli ok vili hann

then Frigg spoke and asked who there was among the Æsir who wished to win all my love and favour, and was willing

riða a helveg ok ꝼreiſta eꝼ hann ꝼaí ꝼunꝺit ballꝺꝛ ok bioða heliu utlauſn eꝼ hon vill lata

to ride the road to Hel and try whether he could find Baldr, and offer Hel a ransom, if she will let

ꝼara ballꝺꝛ hæím i aaſgarð. enn ſa er neꝼnꝺꝛ hermoðꝛ enn huatí ſon oðínſ er til þeirar

Baldr go home to Ásgard. And he is named Hermod the Bold, Odin's son, who for that

ſenꝺi ꝼarar varð. þa var tekinn ſleipner heſtr oðínſ ok leíꝺꝺꝛ ꝼramm ok ſteig hermoðꝛ a þann hest

errand came forward. Then Sleipnir, Odin's horse, was taken and led out, and Hermod mounted that horse

ok hlæẏptí brott. enn æserner toku lik ballꝺꝛſ ok ꝼluttu til ſioꝼar. hrínghoꝛni het ſkíp

and galloped away. And the Æsir took Baldr's body and carried it to the sea. Hringhorni was the name of the ship

ballꝺꝛſ. hann var allra ſkipa meſtr. hann víllꝺu guðin ꝼram ſetia ok gera þar a balꝼǫꝛ ballꝺꝛſ enn

of Baldr. It was the greatest of all ships. The gods wanted to launch it and hold Baldr's burning on it, but

ſkipit gekk hvergi ꝼramm. þa var ſent í iotun heíma epter gẏgi þeirí er hẏrrokkín er neꝼnꝺ

the ship would not move at all. Then [word] was sent to Jötunheim for the giantess who is named Hyrrokkin.

enn er hon kom ok reið vargí ok haꝼði hoggoꝛm at táumum. þa liop hon aꝼ heſtinum. enn oðinn

And when she came, riding a wolf, with a viper for reins, she leapt off the steed, and Odin

kallaði til berſerkí ꝼioꝛa at giæta heſtzenſ ok ꝼengu þeiꝛ æigi hallꝺit nema þeir ꝼellꝺi

called four berserks to tend the steed, and they could not hold it unless they felled

hann. þa gekk hẏrrokin a ꝼramſtaꝼn nokkuans ok hratt ꝼram i ꝼẏrſta viðbragðí sua at ellꝺꝛ

it. Then Hyrrokkin went to the prow of the vessel and pushed it out at the first thrust, so that fire

raut oꝛ hlunnunum. en lonꝺ ǫll ſkulꝼu. þa varð þoꝛr reíðꝛ ok greip hamarenn ok munꝺi þa

flew from the rollers and all lands shook. Then Thor grew angry and gripped the hammer and would then

briota hoꝼut hennar aðꝛ ǫll guðin baðu henne ꝼriðar. þa var boꝛið ut a ſkipit lik ballꝺꝛſ. enn

have broken her head, but all the gods asked peace for her. Then Baldr's body was carried out onto the ship. And

er þat ſa kona hans nanna nepſꝺotter þa ſprakk hon aꝼ harmí ok ꝺo var hon boꝛín a balit ok ſlegi

when his wife Nanna, Nep's daughter, saw that, she burst with grief and died. She was carried onto the pyre and it was set

i ellꝺí. þa ſtoð þoʀ̇ at ok vigði balið með miollní. enn ꝼyrir ꝼotum honum rann ꝺvergr nokkuʀ

on fire. Then Thor stood by and hallowed the pyre with Mjöllnir. And in front of his feet ran a certain dwarf

ſa er litr neꝼnꝺꝛ. en þorr ſpẏrnꝺí ꝼæti ſinum a hann ok hratt honum i ellꝺinn ok bꝛann hann

who is named Litr. And Thor kicked him with his foot and pushed him into the fire, and he burned.

Aꝺ þerſi bꝛennu ſottí margſkonar þíoð. ꝼẏrſt að ſegia ꝼra oðní at með honum ꝼoꝛ ꝼriɢ̇ ok valkẏriur

To this burning came many kinds of folk. First to tell of Odin: with him went Frigg and the valkyries

ok hraꝼnar hans. en ꝼræẏr Ok í kerru með gellti þeim er gullinburſtí heiter eða ſliðꝛugtanní. enn

and his ravens. And Freyr drove in a chariot with the boar that is called Gullinbursti or Slídrugtanni. And

heímꝺallr reið heſtí þeim er gulltoppr het enn ꝼræẏia kǫttum ſínum þar kemr ok mikit ꝼolk

Heimdall rode the horse that was called Gulltopp, and Freyja [drove] her cats. There came also a great host

hrimþuſſa ok bergríſa. oðinn lagði a balið gullríng þann er ꝺꝛaupner heiter. honum ꝼẏlgði ſiðan

of frost-giants and mountain-giants. Odin laid on the pyre the gold ring that is called Draupnir. It afterwards had

ſu nattura at hína niunꝺu hueria nott ꝺꝛupu aꝼ honum .uiij. hríngar iaꝼnhǫꝼger. heſtr

this property, that every ninth night eight rings of equal weight dripped from it. The horse

ballꝺrſ var leiꝺꝺꝛ a balít með ǫllu reiðí. enn þat er at ſegia ꝼra hermoðí at hann reið .ix. nætr ꝺǫkkua

of Baldr was led onto the pyre with all its harness. And this is to be told of Hermod, that he rode nine nights through dark

ꝺala ok ꝺiupa sua at hann ſa ekkí ꝼẏʀ̇ enn hann kom til arennar giallar ok reið a giallar bruna

and deep valleys, so that he saw nothing until he came to the river Gjöll and rode onto the Gjöll bridge.

hon er þǫkt lẏſi gullí. moðguðꝛ er neꝼnꝺ mær ſu er giæter bruarennar. hon ſpurði hann at naꝼní

It is roofed with gleaming gold. Módgud is the name of the maiden who guards the bridge. She asked him his name

ok at ætt ok ſagði at hínn ꝼẏʀ̇a ꝺag riðu um bꝛuna .v. ꝼẏlki ꝺauðꝛa manna enn æigi ꝺẏnr bꝛuen

and his kin, and said that the day before five troops of dead men had ridden over the bridge, but the bridge resounds no

minnr unꝺer æínum þer ok æigi heꝼer þu lit ꝺauðꝛa manna hvi riðꝛ þu her a helveg. hann ſagði ek ſkal riða

less under you alone, and you do not have the colour of dead men. Why do you ride here on the road to Hel? He said: I am to ride

til heliar at leita ballꝺꝛſ eða hvart heꝼer þu nakkvat ſieð ballꝺꝛ a helvegí. hon ſagði at ballꝺꝛ haꝼí

to Hel to seek Baldr. Or have you seen anything of Baldr on the road to Hel? She said that Baldr had

þar riðit um giallar bꝛu. enn niðꝛ ok noꝛðꝛ liggr helvegr. þa reið hermoðꝛ þar til er hann kom

ridden over the Gjöll bridge there, but down and to the north lies the road to Hel. Then Hermod rode on until he came

at helgrinꝺum. þa ſteig hann aꝼ heſtinum ok gẏrði hann faſt ſteig upp ok kæẏrði hann ſpoꝛum enn heſtrinn

to the gates of Hel. Then he got off the horse and girthed it tight, mounted and spurred it, and the horse

hliop sua hart ẏꝼer grínꝺína at hann kom hvergi nær. þa reið hann heim til hallarennar ok ſteig aꝼ bakí

leapt so hard over the gate that it came nowhere near it. Then he rode up to the hall and got down from the horse's back,

gekk inn i hǫllína. ſa þar ſitia i onꝺvegi ballꝺꝛ broður ſinn ok ꝺvalðiz hermoðꝛ þar um nottina

went into the hall, and saw his brother Baldr sitting there in the high seat; and Hermod stayed there for the night.

. at moꝛní beiꝺꝺiz hann aꝼ heliu at ballꝺꝛ ſkẏllꝺi riða heim með honum. ok ſagði hverſu mikill

In the morning he asked Hel that Baldr should ride home with him, and told how great

grꜳtr var með aaſum. enn hel ſagði at þat ſkẏllꝺí sua ræẏna hvart ballꝺꝛ var sua aſtſæll ſem ſagt er. Ok

a weeping there was among the Æsir. But Hel said that it should be tested in this way whether Baldr was as much loved as was said: and

eꝼ aller luter i hæímínum kviker ok ꝺauðer grááta hann þa ſkal hann ꝼara til aaſa aptr enn hallꝺaz með helíu

if all things in the world, living and dead, weep for him, then he shall go back to the Æsir, but stay with Hel

eꝼ nokkuʀ̇ mæler við eða vill æigi gráta. þa ſtoð hermoðꝛ upp enn ballꝺꝛ leiꝺꝺi hann ut oꝛ hollinni

if any speaks against it or will not weep. Then Hermod stood up, and Baldr led him out of the hall

ok tok hrínginn ꝺꝛaupní ok ſenꝺí oðní til mínía. enn nanna ſenꝺi ꝼrigg riptí ok enn ꝼleirí

and took the ring Draupnir and sent it to Odin as a keepsake. And Nanna sent Frigg a linen cloth and still more

giaꝼer. ꝼullu ꝼingrgull. þa reiꝺ hermoðꝛ aptr leið ſína ok kom i aaſgarð ok ſagði ǫll tiðinꝺi þꜹ

gifts, [and] to Fulla a gold finger-ring. Then Hermod rode back his way and came to Ásgard and told all the news

er hann haꝼði ſieð eða hæẏrt.

that he had seen or heard.

Þui næſt ſenꝺo æser um allan hei̅ e͛ h̅ haꝼði ſieð ę hæẏrt.

Next the Æsir sent over the whole world that he had seen or heard.

erenꝺreka at biðia at ballꝺꝛ væri gratinn oꝛ helíu. en aller gioꝛðu mennerner ok kvikenꝺín

messengers to ask that Baldr be wept out of Hel. And all did so: the men and the living creatures

ok ioꝛðín ok ſteinarner ok tre ok allr malmr sua ſem þu munt ſieð haꝼa at þesser luter grata

and the earth and the stones and trees and every metal, just as you will have seen that these things weep

þa er þeir koma oꝛ ꝼroſtí í híta. þa er ſenꝺi menn ꝼoꝛu heím ok hoꝼðu vel rekit erenꝺi ſín.

when they come out of frost into warmth. When the messengers were going home and had carried out their errand well,

ꝼinna þeir i helli nokkurum hvar gẏgr ſat. ſu neꝼnꝺiz þǫkk. þeir biðia hana grata ballꝺꝛ

they find in a certain cave where a giantess sat. She called herself Thökk. They ask her to weep Baldr

oꝛ helíu. hon ſagði sua. þǫkk mun grata þuʀum táárum ballꝺꝛſ báálꝼarar. kvikſ ne ꝺauðs

out of Hel. She said this: Thökk will weep dry tears at Baldr's burning. Living or dead,

nautka ek karlſ ſonar hallꝺí hel þvi er heꝼer. enn þeſſ geta menn at þar haꝼi veriꝺ lokí lauꝼæẏíar

I had no good of the old man's son. Let Hel keep what she has. And people guess that this was Loki, Laufey's

ſon er ꝼleſt heꝼer illt goꝛt með aaſum. þa mælti Gangleri Allmikklu kom loki a leið er hann olli ꝼẏrſt

son, who has done the most evil among the Æsir. Then Gangleri said: A very great deal did Loki bring about, when he caused first

þvi er ballꝺꝛ var vegínn ok sua því er hann varð æigi læẏſtr ꝼra helíu eða hvart var honum nokkut þeſſa

that Baldr was slain, and also that he was not set free from Hel. Or was any of this

heꝼnt. hꜳr ſagði Gollꝺít var honum þetta sua at hann mun lengí ken̅naz.

avenged on him? High said: He was paid back for it in such a way that he will feel it for a long time.

Þa er guðín voro oꝛðin honum sua reið ſem von var. hliop hann bꝛaut ok ꝼal ſik a ꝼiallí nokkuru

When the gods had become as angry with him as was to be expected, he ran away and hid himself on a certain mountain,

gerði þar huſ ok .iiij. ꝺẏʀ̇ at hann matti ſia oꝛ huſínu i allar ætter. enn opt um ꝺaga

built a house there with four doors, so that he could see out of the house in all directions. And often by day

bra hann ser i lagſlikí ok ꝼalſt þa þar ſem heiter ꝼranangrſ ꝼoꝛſ. hann hugſaðí ꝼyrir ſier hvería

he changed himself into the likeness of a salmon and hid then in the place called Fránangr Falls. He considered what

vel æser munꝺu til ꝼinna at taka hann i ꝼoꝛſínum. enn er hann ſat i huſínu tok hann língarn

device the Æsir might find to catch him in the falls. And once when he sat in the house he took linen yarn

ok reið a rækſna sua ſem net er ſiðan goꝛt enn ellꝺꝛ bꝛann ꝼyrir honum. þa ſa hann at æser attu ſkamt til

and knotted it into meshes, as nets have been made since, and a fire burned in front of him. Then he saw that the Æsir were a short way from

hans ok haꝼði oðinn ſieð oꝛ hliðſkialꝼinni hvar hann var. hann liop þegar ut i ꜳ̋na. enn kaſtaði

him, and Odin had seen from Hlidskjálf where he was. He at once ran out into the river, and threw

netínu ꝼramm i ellꝺínn. enn er æser koma til þa gekk ſa ꝼẏrſt inn er allra var vitraztr er

the net onto the fire. And when the Æsir come there, the one who went in first was he who was wisest of all, who

kuaser er neꝼnꝺꝛ ok er hann ſa a ellꝺinum ꝼolſkann er netið haꝼði bꝛunnít þa ſkilði hann at þat

is named Kvasir, and when he saw in the fire the ash where the net had burned, he understood that it

munꝺi viel vera til at taka ꝼiſkana ok ſagði aſunum. þvi næſt toku þeir ok gioꝛðu ser net

must be a device for catching fish, and told the Æsir. Next they set to and made themselves a net

epter þvi ſem þeir ſa a ꝼǫlſkanum at loki haꝼði goꝛt. ok er buið var netið þa ꝼara æser til Arennar

on the pattern of what they saw in the ash that Loki had made. And when the net was ready, the Æsir go to the river

ok kaſta netí i ꝼoꝛſinn. hellt þoꝛr oꝺꝛum netz háálſi enn ǫðꝛum hellꝺu aller æser ok ꝺꝛogu

and cast the net into the falls. Thor held one end of the net, and all the Æsir held the other, and they drew

netið. en loki ꝼoꝛ ꝼẏrer ok legz níðꝛ millum ſteína tveggía. ꝺꝛogu þeir netíð ẏꝼer hann

the net. But Loki went ahead of it and lay down between two stones. They drew the net over him

ok kenꝺu at kvikt varð ꝼyrir. ok ꝼara í annat ſinn upp til ꝼoꝛſínſ ok kaſta ut netínu ok binꝺa við

and felt that something living was in the way. And they go a second time up to the falls and cast out the net, and tie on

sua þungt at æigi ſkẏli unꝺer mega ꝼara ꝼerr þa lokí ꝼẏrer netínu. enn er hann ſier at ſkamt

something so heavy that nothing could pass beneath. Then Loki goes ahead of the net, and when he sees that it was a short way

var til ſiouar þa læẏpr hann upp ẏꝼer þinulinn ok renner upp í ꝼoꝛſ. nu ſa æſerner hvar hann ꝼoꝛ

to the sea, he leaps up over the net-rope and swims up into the falls. Now the Æsir saw where he went;

ꝼara enn upp til ꝼoꝛſínſ ok ſkipta liðinu i tva ſtaði. en þoꝛr ueðꝛ þa epter miðꝛi aanní

they go up again to the falls and divide the company into two groups, and Thor then wades along the middle of the river,

ok ꝼara sua ut til ſiouar. en er loki ser tva koſtí var þat liꝼſ haſkí at hlaupa a ſioenn

and so they go out toward the sea. And when Loki sees two choices: it was mortal danger to leap into the sea,

en hinn var annaʀ̇ at leita enn ẏꝼer netið ok þat gioꝛði hann hliop ſem ſnaraz ẏꝼer netþinulinn

and the other was to try again over the net; and that he did: he leapt as quickly as he could over the net-rope.

. þoʀ̇ greíp epter honum ok tok um hann ok renꝺí hann i henꝺí honum sua at ſtaðar nam honꝺín

Thor grabbed after him and caught hold of him, and he slipped in his hand, so that the hand stopped

við ſpoꝛðinn ok er ꝼẏrer þa ſǫk ſiðan laxinn aptr míoꝛ.

at the tail. And for that reason the salmon has been narrow toward the tail ever since.

Nu var loki tekinn griða lauſſ ok ꝼarið með hann i helli nokkurn. þa toku þeir .iij. hellur

Now Loki was taken, without quarter, and brought into a certain cave. Then they took three slabs of rock

ok ſettu a egg ok luſtu rauꝼ a hellunni hverri. þa voro tekner ſẏner loka vali ok nari

and set them on edge and struck a hole in each slab. Then Loki's sons were taken, Váli and Nari

eða narꝼí. bꝛugðu æser vala i vargſlikí ok reiꝼ hann i ſunꝺꝛ narꝼa bꝛoður ſinn. þa toku

or Narfi. The Æsir changed Váli into the likeness of a wolf, and he tore apart his brother Narfi. Then

æser þarma hans ok bunꝺu loka með ẏꝼer þa iij. eɢ. ſtenꝺꝛ æinn unꝺer herðum annaʀ

the Æsir took his guts and bound Loki with them over the three edges. One stands under his shoulders, the second

unꝺer lenꝺum. þriði unꝺer kneſbotum. ok urðu þau bonꝺ at iarní. þa tok ſkaði eítroꝛm

under his loins, the third under the backs of his knees. And those bonds turned to iron. Then Skadi took a venomous snake

ok ꝼeſti upp ẏꝼer hann. sua at æitríð ſkẏllꝺí ꝺꝛiupa oꝛ oꝛmínum í anꝺlít honum. enn ſigẏn

and fastened it up over him, so that the poison would drip from the snake into his face. But Sigyn,

kona hans ſitr hía honum ok hellꝺꝛ munnlaugu unꝺer æitr ꝺropa. en þa er ꝼull er

his wife, sits beside him and holds a basin under the drops of poison. And when the basin

munnlaugín gengr hon ok ſlær ut æitrinu. enn meðan ꝺꝛẏpr æitrið i anꝺlit honum. þa

is full, she goes and pours away the poison. But meanwhile the poison drips into his face. Then

kippiz hann sua hart við at ioꝛð oll ſkelꝼr þat kalli þer lanꝺ ſkiapta þar liggr hann i bonꝺum til

he jerks so hard against it that the whole earth shakes; that is what you call earthquakes. There he lies in bonds until

ragna rǫkkrſ. þa mælti Gangleri

Ragnarök. Then Gangleri said:

ragna rokkr þeſſ heꝼi ek æigi ꝼẏʀ hæẏrt getíð. har ſagði mikil tiðinꝺi ero þaðan

Ragnarok? Of that I have never heard tell before. Har said: There are great tidings of it

at ſegia ok moꝛg þau hin ꝼẏrſtu at vetr ſa kemr er kallaðꝛ er ꝼimbulvetr

to tell, and many. The first of them is that there comes a winter which is called Fimbulwinter.

. þa ꝺꝛiꝼr ſníoꝛ oꝛ ǫllum ættum ꝼroſt eru þa mikil ok uinꝺar harðer ekki nẏtr

Then snow drives from all quarters; the frosts are great then, and the winds sharp; there is no use

ſolar. þeir vetr ꝼara .iij. ſaman ok ekkí ſumar í míllum. enn aðꝛ ganga sua aðꝛer .iij. vetr

of the sun. Those winters come three together, with no summer between. But before that, three other winters pass in such a way

að þa eru um allan heím oꝛroſtur mikklar þa ꝺꝛepaz bræðꝛ ꝼyrir agirní ſaker ok eingí

that there are then great battles throughout the world. Then brothers kill each other for greed's sake, and no one

þẏrmer ꝼǫður eða ſẏní i mannꝺrapum eða ſivía ſlití. sua ſeger i uǫlu ſpa. Bræðꝛ munu beriaz

spares father or son in manslaughter or in the breaking of kinship. So it says in Voluspa: Brothers will fight

ok at bǫnum verðaz munu ſẏſtrungar ſiꝼium ſpílla. hart er með holðum hoꝛꝺomr mikill

and be each other's slayers; sisters' sons will defile kinship. It is hard among men, great adultery;

ſkeggiǫlꝺ ſkalmollꝺ. ſkillꝺer kloꝼner uinꝺǫllꝺ uargollꝺ aðꝛ verollꝺ ſtæẏpíz. þa verðꝛ þat

an axe-age, a sword-age, shields are cloven; a wind-age, a wolf-age, before the world plunges down. Then that happens

er mikil tiðinꝺi þikkia at ulꝼrinn glæẏper ſolína ok þikker monnum þat míkit meín. þa tekr

which will seem great tidings: the wolf swallows the sun, and people think that a great harm. Then the

annaʀ̇ ulꝼrenn tunglít ok gioꝛer ſa ok mikit ogagn. ſtioꝛnur hverꝼa þa aꝼ himní. þa er ok

other wolf takes the moon, and he too does great damage. The stars then vanish from the sky. Then there is also

þat tiðinꝺa at sua ſkelꝼr ioꝛð oll ok bioꝛg at uiðer loſna oꝛ ioꝛðu upp en bioꝛgin hrẏnia

this among the tidings, that the whole earth and the mountains shake so that trees are torn up out of the earth and the mountains crash down,

en ꝼiotrar aller ok bonꝺ brotna ok ſlitna. þa verðꝛ ꝼenriſ ulꝼr lauſſ þa gæẏſiz hauið a

and all fetters and bonds break and snap. Then the Fenris Wolf gets loose. Then the sea surges over

lǫnꝺín ꝼyrir því at þa ſnẏz miðgarðz oꝛmr í íotun moð ok ſæker upp a lanꝺit. þa verðꝛ ok þat at

the lands, because the Midgard Serpent then writhes in giant-fury and makes its way up onto the land. Then this also happens, that

naglꝼar loſnar ſkíp þat er sua heiter. þat er goꝛt aꝼ nǫglum ꝺauðꝛa manna ok er þat ꝼyrir þi uarnaðar

Naglfar comes loose, the ship that is so called. It is made of dead men's nails, and for that reason it is worth

vert eꝼ maðꝛ ꝺæẏr með oſkoꝛnum noglum at ſa maꝺꝛ æẏkr mikit eꝼní til ſkipſínſ naglꝼarſ

a warning: if a man dies with uncut nails, that man adds much material to the ship Naglfar,

er guðin ok menn villꝺu ſæínt a gioꝛt ẏrðí. enn i þeſſum ſioꝼar gang ꝼlẏtr naglꝼar. hrẏmr

which gods and men would want finished late. And in this flood of the sea Naglfar floats. Hrym

heiter iǫtunn er ſtẏrer naglꝼara. enn ꝼenríſ ulꝼr ꝼerr með gapanꝺa munn ok er hinn neðꝛí

is the name of the giant who steers Naglfar. And the Fenris Wolf goes with gaping mouth, and the lower

kioptr a ioꝛðu en hinn eꝼrí við hímín. gapa munꝺí hann mæira eꝼ rum væri til. Ellꝺar

jaw is on the earth and the upper against the sky; he would gape wider if there were room for it. Flames

brenna oꝛ augum hans ok nǫſum. Miðgarðſ oꝛmr blæſſ sua æítrínu at hann ꝺꝛeiꝼer lopt ǫll ok log

burn from his eyes and nostrils. The Midgard Serpent blows so much poison that he spatters all the air and the sea,

Ok er hann allogurligr. ok er hann a aðꝛa hlið ulꝼínum. i þeſſum gnẏ kloꝼnar himinninn ok riða

and he is most terrible, and he is at the wolf's other side. In this din the sky splits open, and there ride

þaðan muſpellz ſẏner. Surtr riðꝛ ꝼẏrſt ok ꝼẏrer honum ok epter ellꝺꝛ brennanꝺí. Sverð hans er

from it the sons of Muspell. Surt rides first, and before and after him [is] burning fire. His sword is

gott míǫk aꝼ þvi ſkinn biartara enn aꝼ ſolu. enn er þeir riða biꝼrǫſt þa bꝛotnar hon

very good; from it shines a light brighter than from the sun. And when they ride over Bifrost, it breaks,

ſem ꝼẏʀ er ſagt. Muſpellz meger ſækia ꝼramm a þann voll er vigriðꝛ heíter. þar kemr ok

as was said before. The sons of Muspell press forward onto the field which is called Vigrid. There come also

ꝼenríſ ulꝼr ok miðgarz .ormr þar er ok þa komínn lok ok hrẏmr ok með honum aller hrimþuſſar

the Fenris Wolf and the Midgard Serpent. There too by then have come Loki and Hrym, and with him all the frost giants,

enn loka ꝼẏlgia aller heliar ſinnar. enn muſpellz ſẏner haꝼa æiner ser ꝼẏlking ok er ſu bioꝛt miog

and all Hel's company follow Loki. And the sons of Muspell have a battle-line of their own, and it is very bright.

Vollrenn vigriðꝛ er .c. raſta viðꝛ a hvernveg. enn er þeſſi tiðinꝺi

The field Vigrid is a hundred leagues wide each way. And when these things

verða þa ſtenꝺꝛ upp heimꝺallr ok blæꜱ̇ akaꝼlega i giallar hoꝛn ok vekr upp ǫll guðin ok

come to pass, Heimdall stands up and blows mightily on the Gjallarhorn and wakes up all the gods, and

æiga þau þing ſaman. þa riðꝛ oðenn til mimiſ bꝛunnz ok tekr rað aꝼ mímí ꝼyrir ser ok ſinu liði

they hold an assembly together. Then Odin rides to Mimir's well and takes counsel from Mimir for himself and his host.

þa ſkelꝼr aſkr ẏggꝺꝛaſilſ ok eingí lutr er þa otta lauſſ a hímní eða ioꝛðu. ęſerner hervæða

Then the ash Yggdrasil shakes, and nothing then is without fear in heaven or on earth. The Æsir arm

ſik ok aller æínheriarner ok ſækia ꝼramm a uǫlluna. riðꝛ ꝼẏrſt oðinn með gullhialm ok ꝼagra

themselves, and all the einherjar [Odin's chosen champions], and they press forward onto the field. Odin rides first, with a golden helmet and a fair

bꝛẏníu ok geir ſinn er gungner heiter ſteꝼner hann motí ꝼenríſ ulꝼ. enn þoʀ̇ ꝼramm a aðꝛa

mail-coat and his spear, which is called Gungnir; he makes for the Fenris Wolf. And Thor [goes] forward at the other

hlið honum ok ma hann ekki ꝺuga honum. þviat hann heꝼer ꝼullt ꝼang at beríaz við miðgarðz .orm Fræẏr

side of him, and he cannot help him, because he has his hands full fighting the Midgard Serpent. Frey

berſt moti ſurtí ok verðꝛ harðꝛ ſamgangr aðꝛ ꝼræẏr ꝼellr. þat verðꝛ hans baní er hann míſſír

fights against Surt, and there is a hard clash before Frey falls. That becomes his death, that he lacks

þeſſ hinſ goða ſverðz er hann gaꝼ ſkírní. þa er ok lauſſ oꝛðinn hunꝺꝛinn garmr er bunꝺinn

that good sword which he gave to Skirnir. Then the dog Garm has also got loose, who is bound

er ꝼyrir gnípa hellí. hann er hið meſta ꝼoꝛat. hann a vig motí tẏ ok verðꝛ huaʀ̇ ǫðꝛum

before Gnipahellir. He is the greatest of monsters. He has a fight with Tyr, and each becomes the other's

at ſkaða. þoʀ̇ berꝛ banoꝛð aꝼ miðgarðz.ormi ok ſtigr þaðan bꝛott niu ꝼet þa ꝼellr hann

bane. Thor wins the fame of slaying the Midgard Serpent, and steps away from there nine paces; then he falls

ꝺauðꝛ til iarðar ꝼyrir æitrí því er oꝛmrenn bleſ a hann. Ulꝼrenn glæẏper oðin. verðꝛ þat hanſ

dead to the earth from the poison that the serpent blew on him. The wolf swallows Odin; that becomes his

baní. Enn þegar epter ſnẏz ꝼram viðaʀ̇ ok ſtigr ǫðꝛum ꝼætí i neðꝛa kíopt ulꝼſínſ. a

death. But straight after, Vidar strides forward and steps with one foot into the wolf's lower jaw. On

þeim ꝼætí heꝼer hann þann ſko er allan allꝺꝛ heꝼer verið til ſamnat. þat eru bioꝛar þeir er menn ſníða

that foot he has the shoe that has been gathered together through all time: those are the scraps that people cut

oꝛ ſkom ſínum ꝼyrir tam eða hælí. því ſkal þeim bioꝛum bꝛott kaſta ſa maðꝛ er at því vill hẏggia

from their shoes at toe or heel. Therefore those scraps should be thrown away by the man who means to take care

at koma aſunum at liðí. Annaʀí henꝺi tekr hann enn eꝼra kiopt ulꝼſinſ Ok riꝼr ſunꝺꝛ gín

to come to the help of the Æsir. With one hand he takes the wolf's upper jaw and tears apart its maw,

hans ok verðꝛ þat ulꝼſínſ baní. loki a oʀoſto við heimꝺall ok verðꝛ huaʀ̇ annars baní. því næſt

and that becomes the wolf's death. Loki has a battle with Heimdall, and each becomes the other's slayer. Next

ſlẏngr ſurtr ellꝺi ẏꝼer ioꝛðína ok bꝛenner allan heím. sua er ſagt i uǫlu ſpa. Haatt blæſſ

Surt flings fire over the earth and burns the whole world. So it says in Voluspa: Loud blows

hæímꝺallr hoꝛn er a loptí mæler oðinn við mímſ hoꝼut. ſkelꝼr ẏggꝺꝛaſilſ aſkr ſtanꝺanꝺí

Heimdall, the horn is aloft; Odin speaks with Mim's head. Yggdrasil's ash trembles where it stands,

ẏmr eð allꝺna tre enn iotunn loſnar. hvat er með aaſum hvat er er með alꝼum

the old tree groans, and the giant gets loose. What is with the Æsir? What is with the elves?

gnẏr allr iǫtunheímr æser ero a þingi ſtẏnía ꝺvergar ꝼyrir ſteinꝺẏrum vegbergſ uiser vitu þer

All Jotunheim roars, the Æsir are at assembly; the dwarves groan before their stone doors, the wise ones of the rock-wall. Do you know

enn eða hvað. Hrẏmr ekr auſtan heꝼiz linꝺ ꝼẏrer ſnẏz en̅ eða hvað.

yet, or what? Hrym drives from the east, the linden is lifted before [him]; there writhes, yet, or what?

ſu guð hunꝺꝛat raſta hann er a hverían veg ſa er þeim vollr vitaꝺꝛ. þa mælti. Gangleri hvat verðꝛ

gods; a hundred leagues it is every way; that field is marked out for them.' Then said Gangleri: 'What will

þa epter er brenꝺꝛ er heimr allr ok ꝺauð ǫll guðín ok aller æínheriar ok allt mannꝼolk ok

be left then, when the whole world is burned, and all the gods are dead, and all the einherjar [Odin's chosen dead warriors] and all mankind? And

haꝼi þer aðꝛ ſagt at hverr maðꝛ ſkal liꝼa í nǫkkurum heimí um allar allꝺer. þa ſvaraði þriðí.

you have said before that every man shall live in some world through all ages.' Then Third answered:

Margar eru þa uiſter goðar ok margar illar bezt er þa at vera a hímní ok allgott

'Many dwellings there are then, good ones, and many evil. Best then is to be in heaven; and very good

er til goðſ ꝺꝛẏkkiar þeim er þat þikker gaman i þeim ſal er bꝛímer heiter. hann ſtenꝺꝛ a okolní

it is for good drink, for those who take pleasure in that, in the hall that is called Brimir; it stands on Okolnir.

. Sa er enn goðꝛ ſalr er ſtenꝺꝛ a níða ꝼiǫllum gioꝛr aꝼ rauðu gullí. ſa heiter ſinꝺꝛí. I þeſſum

There is also a good hall that stands on Nidafjoll, made of red gold; it is called Sindri. In these

ſǫlum ſkolu bẏggva goðer menn ok ſiðlaater.

halls shall good and virtuous men dwell.

hrẏggíu̅

spines

en̅ oꝛma hoꝼut

and the serpents' heads

A naſtronꝺum er mikill ſalr ok illr ok hoꝛꝼa noꝛðꝛ ꝺẏʀ̇ hann er oꝼinn allr oꝛma hrẏggíum

On Nastrond there is a great hall, and an evil one, and its doors face north. It is all woven of serpents' spines,

enn oꝛma hoꝼut

and the serpents' heads

ǫll vitu inn i huſit. ok blaſa æitri sua at epter ſalínum renna æítr áár ok vaða þær

all face into the house and blow poison, so that along the hall run rivers of poison, and wading those

áár eiðroꝼar ok moꝛðvargar sua ſem her ſeger. Sal veít ek ſtanꝺa ſolu ꝼiarrí na ſtrǫnꝺu

rivers are oath-breakers and murderers, as it says here: "A hall I know standing far from the sun, on Nastrond;

a noꝛðꝛ hoꝛꝼa ꝺẏʀ̇ ꝼalla æítr ꝺropar inn um líoꝛa ſa er unꝺinn ſalr oꝛma hrẏggíum

its doors face north; drops of poison fall in through the roof-vent; that hall is woven of serpents' spines.

ſkulu þar vaða þunga ſtrauma menn meínſvara ok moꝛðvargar. enn i hvergelmi er

There shall wade heavy streams perjured men and murderers." But in Hvergelmir it is

verſt. þar kvelr niðhǫggr naí ꝼrammgengna. þa mælti Gangleri hvart liꝼa nokkur guðin þa

worst: there Nidhogg torments the corpses of the dead.' Then said Gangleri: 'Do any of the gods live then,

eða er þa nokkur ioꝛð eða himínn. Háár ſagði upp skẏtr íoꝛðunni þa ę. er þa nokkur ioꝛð ę. himín̅.

or is there then any earth or sky?' Har said: 'Up shoots the earth then - or is there then any earth or sky -

oꝛ ſíonum ok er þa græn ok ꝼogr vaxa þa akrar oſaner. viðaʀ ok valí liꝼa sua at æigi

out of the sea, and it is then green and fair; the fields grow then unsown. Vidar and Vali live, so that neither

heꝼer ſerenn ne surta logí granꝺat þeim ok bẏggia þeir a iða vellí þar ſem ꝼẏʀ̇ var aaſgarðꝛ

the sea nor Surt's fire has harmed them, and they dwell on Idavoll, where Asgard was before;

ok þar koma þa syner þóꝛſ moði ok magní ok haꝼa þar miǫllní. þvi næſtr kemr þar

and there then come the sons of Thor, Modi and Magni, and they have Mjollnir there. Next there come

ballꝺr Ok hǫðꝛ ꝼra heliar ſetiaz þa aller ſamt ok talaz við ok minnaz a runar ſinar Ok

Baldr and Hod from Hel. They all sit down together then and talk, and recall their runes, and

ræða um ǫll tiðinꝺí þau er ꝼẏʀ̇ hoꝼðu verið um miðgarz oꝛm ok um ꝼenriſ ulꝼ. þa

speak of all the events that had happened before, of the Midgard Serpent and of the Fenris Wolf. Then

ꝼinnaz þar í graſinu gulltoꝼlur þær er æserner hoꝼðu aatt. Sua er ſagt. viðaʀ̇ ok vali

they find there in the grass the golden gaming-pieces that the Æsir had owned. So it is said: "Vidar and Vali

bẏggía ve guða þa er ſoꝛtnar ſurta logí. moði ok magní ſkulu miollní haꝼa

will dwell in the sanctuaries of the gods when Surt's fire grows black; Modi and Magni shall have Mjollnir

víngniſ at vigþrotí. en þar ſem heiter hoꝺꝺmímíſ hollt læẏnaz menn tveír i ſurta

of Vingnir at the battle's end." And at the place called Hoddmimir's Holt two people hide during Surt's

loga er sua heíta liꝼ ok leíꝼþraser ok haꝼa moꝛgínꝺǫggvar ꝼyrir mat enn aꝼ þeſſum monnum

fire, who are called thus: Lif and Leifthrasir, and they have the morning dews for food. And from these people

kemr sua mikil kẏnſloð at bẏggviz heimr allr. Sua ſem her ſeger. Liꝼ ok leiꝼþraser enn

comes so great a progeny that the whole world is peopled. As it says here: "Lif and Leifthrasir, and

þau læẏnaz munu i hollti hoꝺꝺmímíſ moꝛginꝺǫggvar þau at mat haꝼa enn þaðan

they will hide in the holt of Hoddmimir; the morning dews they will have for food, and from them

aꝼ allꝺer alaz. Ok hitt mun þer unꝺarligt þikkia er ſolin heꝼer getið ꝺottur æigi uꝼegrí

the generations of men will be born." And this will seem strange to you: that the sun has borne a daughter no less fair

en hon er ok ꝼerr ſu þa ſtigu moður ſinnar sua ſem her ſeger. Eína ꝺottur berr alꝼrǫðull aðꝛ hana

than she is, and she will then go her mother's paths, as it says here: "One daughter Elf-glory bears, before her

ꝼenrer ꝼarí. ſu ſkal riða er regín ꝺæẏía moður bꝛauter mær. en nu eꝼ þu kant lengra

Fenrir destroys; she shall ride, when the powers die, the maid, her mother's roads." But now, if you can [go] further

lengra ſegia ꝼramm allꝺar ꝼarít ok niot tu nu ſem þu namt. þvi næſt hæẏrði Gangleri

tell further of the course of the world; and make use now of what you have learned.' Next Gangleri heard

ꝺẏní mikkla hvernveg ꝼra ser ok leit hann ut a hlið ser. ok þa er hann ſiez meirr um. þa ſtenꝺꝛ hann

a great din on every side of him, and he looked out to his side; and when he looks about further, he stands

utí a ſlettum vellí. Gengr hann þa brott leið ſina Ok

outside on a level plain. He then goes away on his way, and

kemr hæím í ríkí ſitt ok ſeger þau tiðinꝺí er hann heꝼer ſieð eða hæẏrt. ok epter honum ſagði hverr

comes home into his kingdom and tells the tidings that he has seen or heard; and after him each

maðꝛ oðꝛum þeſſar ſogur Enn æser ſetiaz þa a tal ok raða maðꝛ oðꝛu̅ þeſſar ſogur

man told another these stories. But the Æsir then sit down to talk and hold - man to another these stories -

raðum ſínum ok mínnaz a þeſſa ꝼraſogn alla er her var ſagt ok geꝼa nǫꝼn þeſſi

their counsels, and call to mind all this account that was told here, and give these names,

en ſomu er ááðꝛ eru neꝼnꝺ monnum ok ſtǫðum þeim er þar voꝛu til þeꜱ̇ at þa er langar

the same that were named before, to the men and places that were there, so that when long

ſtunꝺer liðí at menn ſkẏllꝺu ekki iꝼaz i at aller væri æíner þeir æser er nu var ꝼra ſagt

ages had passed, people should not doubt that they were all one, those Æsir of whom it was now told

ok þeſſer er þau ſǫmu noꝼn uoro geꝼen. þar var þa þoꝛr kallaðꝛ ok er ſa aſa þoʀ

and these to whom the same names were given. There, then, Thor was named, and that is Asa-Thor,

enn gamli þorr. Sa er aku þoʀ̇ ok honum eru kenꝺ þau ſtoꝛvirki er ektoꝛ gioꝛði

the old Thor. He is Oku-Thor, and to him are ascribed the great deeds that Hector did

í troío. enn þat hẏggia menn at tẏrker haꝼí ſagt ꝼra ulixes ok haꝼi þeir hann

in Troy. And people believe that the Turks told of Ulysses, and that they called him

kallat loka þvi at tẏrke voꝛu hanſ ener meſtu uvínír..

Loki, because the Turks were his greatest enemies.