Clement of Alexandria, Protrepticus

Ἄδυτα τοίνυν ἄθεα μὴ πολυπραγμονεῖτε μηδὲ βαράθρων στόματα τερατείας ἔμπλεα ἢ λέβητα Θεσπρώτιον ἢ τρίποδα Κιρραῖον ἢ Δωδωναῖον χαλκεῖον· γεράνδρυον δὲ ψάμμοις ἐρήμαις τετιμημένον καὶ τὸ αὐτόθι μαντεῖον αὐτῇ δρυῒ μεμαρασμένον μύθοις γεγηρακόσι καταλείψατε. σεσίγηται γοῦν ἡ Κασταλίας πηγὴ καὶ Κολοφῶνος ἄλλη πηγή, καὶ τὰ ἄλλα ὁμοίως τέθνηκε νάματα μαντικὰ καὶ δὴ τοῦ τύφου κενὰ ὀψὲ μέν, ὅμως δ’ οὖν διελήλεγκται τοῖς ἰδίοις συνεκρεύσαντα μύθοις. διήγησαι ἡμῖν καὶ τῆς ἄλλης μαντικῆς, μᾶλλον δὲ μανικῆς, τὰ ἄχρηστα χρηστήρια, τὸν Κλάριον, τὸν Πύθιον, τὸν Διδυμέα, τὸν Ἀμφιάρεω, τὸν † Ἀπόλλω, τὸν Ἀμφίλοχον, εἰ δὲ βούλει, καὶ τερατοσκόπους καὶ οἰωνοσκόπους καὶ τοὺς ὀνείρων κριτὰς ἀνιέρου σὺν αὐτοῖς· στῆσον δὲ ὁμοῦ παρὰ τὸν Πύθιον τοὺς ἀλευρομάντεις ἄγων καὶ κριθομάντεις καὶ τοὺς εἰσέτι παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς τετιμημένους ἐγγαστριμύθους· ναὶ μὴν ἄδυτα Αἰγυπτίων καὶ Τυρρηνῶν νεκυομαντεῖαι σκότῳ παραδιδόσθων. μανικὰ ταῦτα ὡς ἀληθῶς ἀνθρώπων ἀπίστων σοφιστήρια καὶ πλάνης ἀκράτου κυβευτήρια· συνέμποροι τῆσδε τῆς γοητείας αἶγες αἱ ἐπὶ μαντικὴν ἠσκημέναι καὶ κόρακες ἀνθρώποις χρᾶν ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπων διδασκόμενοι.

Do not, then, busy yourselves with godless sanctuaries, nor with the mouths of chasms full of marvel-mongering, nor with the Thesprotian cauldron or the Cirrhaean tripod or the Dodonaean bronze; and the old tree honoured in the desert sands, and the oracle there, withered along with the oak itself, leave them to myths grown old. The spring of Castalia, at any rate, has been silenced, and that other spring, of Colophon; and the other prophetic streams are likewise dead, and, emptied at last of their vanity, they have been shown up, late but shown up all the same, as having run dry together with their own myths. Tell us too of the useless oracles of that other divination, or rather madness: the Clarian, the Pythian, the Didymaean, that of Amphiaraus, † of Apollo, of Amphilochus; and, if you will, dedicate along with them the portent-watchers and the bird-watchers and the interpreters of dreams; and bring and set beside the Pythian, all together, the flour-diviners and the barley-diviners and the ventriloquists who are still honoured among the many. Yes, and let the sanctuaries of the Egyptians and the oracles of the dead of the Etruscans be handed over to darkness. Truly mad are these schools of sophistry of faithless men, these gambling-dens of undiluted error; and partners in the trade of this sorcery are goats trained for divination, and ravens taught by men to give oracles to men.

Μικρὸν δέ, εἰ βούλει, ἄνωθεν ἄθρει τὴν θείαν εὐεργεσίαν. ὁ πρῶτος ὁτὲ ἐν παραδείσῳ ἔπαιζε λελυμένος, ἐπεὶ παιδίον ἦν τοῦ θεοῦ· ὅτε δὲ ὑποπίπτων ἡδονῇ ʽὄφις ἀλληγορεῖται ἡδονὴ ἐπὶ γαστέρα ἕρπουσα, κακία γηΐνη, εἰς ὕλας τρεφομένη ʼ ʼπαρήγετο ἐπιθυμίαις, ὁ παῖς ἀνδριζόμενος ἀπειθείᾳ καὶ παρακούσας τοῦ πατρὸς ᾐσχύνετο τὸν θεόν. οἷον ἴσχυσεν ἡδονή· ὁ δι’ ἁπλότητα λελυμένος ἄνθρωπος ἁμαρτίαις εὑρέθη δεδεμένος. τῶν δεσμῶν λῦσαι τοῦτον ὁ κύριος αὖθις ἠθέλησεν, καὶ σαρκὶ ἐνδεθείς ʽμυστήριον θεῖον τοῦτὀ τὸν ὄφιν ἐχειρώσατο καὶ τὸν τύραννον ἐδουλώσατο, τὸν θάνατον, καί, τὸ παραδοξότατον, ἐκεῖνον τὸν ἄνθρωπον τὸν ἡδονῇ πεπλανημένον, τὸν τῇ φθορᾷ δεδεμένον, χερσὶν ἡπλωμέναις ἔδειξε λελυμένον. ὢ θαύματος μυστικοῦ· κέκλιται μὲν ὁ κύριος, ἀνέστη δὲ ἄνθρωπος καὶ ὁ ἐκ τοῦ παραδείσου πεσὼν μεῖζον ὑπακοῆς ἆθλον, οὐρανούς, ἀπολαμβάνει. διό μοι δοκεῖ, ἐπεὶ αὐτὸς ἧκεν ὡς ἡμᾶς οὐρανόθεν ὁ λόγος, ἡμᾶς ἐπ’ ἀνθρωπίνην ἰέναι μὴ χρῆναι διδασκαλίαν ἔτι, Ἀθήνας καὶ τὴν ἄλλην Ἑλλάδα, πρὸς δὲ καὶ Ἰωνίαν πολυπραγμονοῦντας. εἰ γὰρ ἡμῖν ὁ διδάσκαλος ὁ πληρώσας τὰ πάντα δυνάμεσιν ἁγίαις, δημιουργίᾳ σωτηρίᾳ εὐεργεσίᾳ νομοθεσίᾳ προφητείᾳ διδασκαλίᾳ, πάντα νῦν ὁ διδάσκαλος κατηχεῖ καὶ τὸ πᾶν ἤδη Ἀθῆναι καὶ Ἑλλὰς γέγονεν τῷ λόγῳ. οὐ γὰρ δὴ μύθῳ μὲν ἐπιστεύετε ποιητικῷ τὸν Μίνω τὸν Κρῆτα τοῦ Διὸς ὀαριστὴν ἀναγράφοντι, ἡμᾶς δὲ ἀπιστήσετε μαθητὰς θεοῦ γεγονότας, τὴν ὄντως ἀληθῆ σοφίαν ἐπανῃρημένους, ἣν φιλοσοφίας ἄκροι μόνον ᾐνίξαντο, οἱ δὲ τοῦ Χριστοῦ μαθηταὶ καὶ κατειλήφασι καὶ ἀνεκήρυξαν. καὶ δὴ καὶ πᾶς, ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, ὁ Χριστὸς οὐ μερίζεται· οὔτε βάρβαρός ἐστιν οὔτε Ἰουδαῖος οὔτε Ἕλλην, οὐκ ἄρρεν, οὐ θῆλυ· καινὸς δὲ ἄνθρωπος θεοῦ πνεύματι ἁγίῳ μεταπεπλασμένος. Εἶθ’ αἱ μὲν ἄλλαι συμβουλαί τε καὶ ὑποθῆκαι λυπραὶ καὶ περὶ τῶν ἐπὶ μέρους εἰσίν, εἰ γαμητέον, εἰ πολιτευτέον, εἰ παιδοποιητέον· καθολικὴ δὲ ἄρα προτροπὴ μόνη καὶ πρὸς ὅλον δηλαδὴ τὸν βίον, ἐν παντὶ καιρῷ, ἐν πάσῃ περιστάσει πρὸς τὸ κυριώτατον τέλος, τὴν ζωήν, συντείνουσα ἡ θεοσέβεια· καθ’ ὃ καὶ μόνον ἐπάναγκές ἐστι ζῆν, ἵνα ζήσωμεν ἀεί· φιλοσοφία δέ, ᾗ φασιν οἱ πρεσβύτεροι, πολυχρόνιός ἐστι συμβουλή, σοφίας ἀίδιον μνηστευομένη ἔρωτα· ἐντολὴ δὲ κυρίου τηλαυγής, φωτίζουσα ὀφθαλμούς. ἀπόλαβε τὸν Χριστόν, ἀπόλαβε τὸ βλέπειν, ἀπόλαβέ σου τὸ φῶς, ὄφρ’ εὖ γινώσκοις ἠμὲν θεὸν ἠδὲ καὶ ἄνδρα. ποθεινὸς ὁ λόγος ὁ φωτίσας ἡμᾶς ὑπὲρ χρυσίον καὶ λίθον τίμιον· γλυκύς ἐστιν ὑπὲρ μέλι καὶ κηρίον. πῶς γὰρ οὐ ποθεινὸς ὁ τὸν ἐν σκότει κατορωρυγμένον νοῦν ἐναργῆ ποιησάμενος καὶ τὰ φωσφόρα τῆς ψυχῆς ἀποξύνας ὄμματα ; καὶ γὰρ ὥσπερ ἡλίου μὴ ὄντος ἕνεκα τῶν ἄλλων ἄστρων νὺξ ἂν ἦν τὰ πάντα, οὕτως εἰ μὴ τὸν λόγον ἔγνωμεν καὶ τούτῳ κατηυγάσθημεν, οὐδὲν ἂν τῶν σιτευομένων ὀρνίθων ἐλειπόμεθα, ἐν σκότει πιαινόμενοι καὶ θανάτῳ τρεφόμενοι. χωρήσωμεν τὸ φῶς, ἵνα χωρήσωμεν τὸν θεόν· χωρήσωμεν τὸ φῶς καὶ μαθητεύσωμεν τῷ κυρίῳ. τοῦτό τοι καὶ ἐπήγγελται τῷ πατρὶ διηγήσομαι τὸ ὄνομά σου τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου· ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας ὑμνήσω σε. ὕμνησον καὶ διήγησαί μοι τὸν πατέρα σου τὸν θεόν· σώσει σου τὰ διηγήματα, παιδεύσει με ἡ ᾠδή. ὡς μέχρι νῦν ἐπλανώμην ζητῶν τὸν θεόν, ἐπεὶ δέ με φωταγωγεῖς, κύριε, καὶ τὸν θεὸν εὑρίσκω διὰ σοῦ καὶ τὸν πατέρα ἀπολαμβάνω παρὰ σοῦ, γίνομαί σου συγκληρονόμος, ἐπεὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν οὐκ ἐπῃσχύνθης. Ἀφέλωμεν οὖν, ἀφέλωμεν τὴν λήθην τῆς ἀληθείας· τὴν ἄγνοιαν καὶ τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐμποδὼν ὡς ἀχλὺν ὄψεως καταγαγόντες τὸν ὄντως ὄντα θεὸν ἐποπτεύσωμεν, ταύτην αὐτῷ πρῶτον ἀνυμνήσαντες τὴν φωνήν χαῖρε φῶς · φῶς ἡμῖν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ τοῖς ἐν σκότει κατορωρυγμένοις καὶ ἐν σκιᾷ θανάτου κατακεκλεισμένοις ἐξέλαμψεν ἡλίου καθαρώτερον, ζωῆς τῆς ἐνταῦθα γλυκύτερον. τὸ φῶς ἐκεῖνο ζωή ἐστιν ἀίδιος, καὶ ὅσα μετείληφεν αὐτοῦ, ζῇ, ἡ νὺξ δὲ εὐλαβεῖται τὸ φῶς καὶ δύνουσα διὰ τὸν φόβον παραχωρεῖ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κυρίου· τὰ πάντα φῶς ἀκοίμητον γέγονεν καὶ ἡ δύσις εἰς ἀνατολὴν περιέστηκεν. τοῦτο ἡ κτίσις ἡ καινὴ βεβούληται· ὁ γὰρ τὰ πάντα καθιππεύων δικαιοσύνης ἥλιος ἐπ’ ἴσης περιπολεῖ τὴν ἀνθρωπότητα, τὸν πατέρα μιμούμενος, ὃς ἐπὶ πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἀνατέλλει τὸν ἥλιον αὐτοῦ, καὶ καταψεκάζει τὴν δρόσον τῆς ἀληθείας. οὗτος τὴν δύσιν εἰς ἀνατολὴν μετήγαγεν καὶ τὸν θάνατον εἰς ζωὴν ἀνεσταύρωσεν, ἐξαρπάσας δὲ τῆς ἀπωλείας τὸν ἄνθρωπον προσεκρέμασεν αἰθέρι, μεταφυτεύων τὴν φθορὰν εἰς ἀφθαρσίαν καὶ γῆν μεταβάλλων εἰς οὐρανούς, ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ γεωργός, δεξιὰ σημαίνων, λαοὺς δ’ ἐπὶ ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἐγείρων, μιμνῄσκων βιότοιο ἀληθινοῦ, καὶ τὸν μέγαν ὄντως καὶ θεῖον καὶ ἀναφαίρετον τοῦ πατρὸς κλῆρον χαριζόμενος ἡμῖν, οὐρανίῳ διδασκαλίᾳ θεοποιῶν τὸν ἄνθρωπον, διδοὺς νόμους εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπὶ καρδίαν γράφων αὐτούς. τίνας ὑπογράφει νόμους; ὅτι πάντες εἴσονται τὸν θεὸν ἀπὸ μικροῦ ἕως μεγάλου, καὶ ἵλεως, φησὶν ὁ θεός, ἔσομαι αὐτοῖς καὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτῶν οὐ μὴ μνησθῶ. δεξώμεθα τοὺς νόμους τῆς ζωῆς, πεισθῶμεν προτρεπομένῳ θεῷ, μάθωμεν αὐτόν, ἵνα ἵλεως ᾖ, ἀποδῶμεν καὶ μὴ δεομένῳ μισθὸν εὐχάριστον εὐπαθείας, οἷόν τι ἐνοίκιον τὴν εὐσέβειαν τῷ θεῷ τῆς ἐνταῦθα ἐνοικήσεως. χρύσεα χαλκείων, ἑκατόμβοἰ ἐννεαβοίων. ὀλίγης πίστεως γῆν σοι δίδωσι τὴν τοσαύτην γεωργεῖν, ὕδωρ πίνειν καὶ ἄλλο πλεῖν, ἀέρα ἀναπνεῖν, πῦρ ὑπουργεῖν, κόσμον οἰκεῖν· ἐντεῦθεν εἰς οὐρανοὺς ἀποικίαν στείλασθαί σοι συγκεχώρηκεν· τὰ μεγάλα ταῦτα καὶ τοσαῦτά σοι δημιουργήματα καὶ χαρίσματα ὀλίγης πίστεως μεμίσθωκεν. εἶθ̓ οἱ μὲν τοῖς γόησι πεπιστευκότες τὰ περίαπτα καὶ τὰς ἐπαοιδὰς ὡς σωτηρίους δῆθεν ἀποδέχονται, ὑμεῖς δὲ οὐ βούλεσθε τὸν οὐράνιον αὐτὸν περιάψασθαι, τὸν σωτῆρα λόγον, καὶ τῇ ἐπῳδῇ τοῦ θεοῦ πιστεύσαντες ἀπαλλαγῆναι μὲν παθῶν, ἃ δὴ ψυχῆς νόσοι, ἀποσπασθῆναι δὲ ἁμαρτίας ; θάνατος γὰρ ἀίδιος ἁμαρτία. ἦ τέλεον νωδοὶ καὶ τυφλοὶ καθάπερ οἱ σπάλακες οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἢ ἐσθίοντες ἐν σκότῳ διαιτᾶσθε, περικαταρρέοντες τῇ φθορᾷ. ἀλλ’ ἔστιν, ἔστιν ἡ ἀλήθεια ἡ κεκραγυῖα ἐκ σκότους φῶς λάμψει. λαμψάτω οὖν ἐν τῷ ἀποκεκρυμμένῳ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ, τὸ φῶς, καὶ τῆς γνώσεως αἱ ἀκτῖνες ἀνατειλάτωσαν τὸν ἐγκεκρυμμένον ἔνδον ἐκφαίνουσαι καὶ ἀποστίλβουσαι ἄνθρωπον, τὸν μαθητὴν τοῦ φωτός, τὸν Χριστοῦ γνώριμόν τε καὶ συγκληρονόμον, μάλιστα ἐπειδὰν τὸ τιμιώτατον καὶ σεβασμιώτατον εὐσεβεῖ τε καὶ ἀγαθῷ παιδὶ ἀγαθοῦ πατρὸς ὄνομα εἰς γνῶσιν ἀφίκηται, προστάττοντος ἤπια καὶ τῷ παιδὶ ἐγκελευομένου τὰ σωτήρια. ὁ δὲ πειθόμενος αὐτῷ κατὰ πάντα δὴ πλεονεκτεῖ· ἕπεται τῷ θεῷ, πείθεται τῷ πατρί, ἔγνω πλανώμενος αὐτόν, ἠγάπησε τὸν θεόν, ἠγάπησε τὸν πλησίον, ἐπλήρωσε τὴν ἐντολήν, τὸ ἆθλον ἐπιζητεῖ, τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν ἀπαιτεῖ. Πρόκειται δὲ ἀεὶ τῷ θεῷ τὴν ἀνθρώπων ἀγέλην σῴζειν. ταύτῃ καὶ τὸν ἀγαθὸν ποιμένα ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἀπέστειλεν θεός· ἁπλώσας δὲ ὁ λόγος τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἔδειξε τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τὸ ὕψος τῆς σωτηρίας, ὅπως ἢ μετανοήσαντες σωθῶσιν ἢ μὴ ὑπακούσαντες κριθῶσιν. τοῦτο τῆς δικαιοσύνης τὸ κήρυγμα, ὑπακούουσιν εὐαγγέλιον, παρακούσασιν κριτήριον. ἀλλὰ σάλπιγξ μὲν ἡ μεγαλόκλονος ἠχήσασα στρατιώτας συνήγαγεν καὶ πόλεμον κατήγγειλεν, Χριστὸς δὲ εἰρηνικὸν ἐπὶ τὰ πέρατα τῆς γῆς ἐπιπνεύσας μέλος οὐ συνάξει ἄρα τοὺς εἰρηνικοὺς στρατιώτας τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ; συνήγαγε μὲν οὖν, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, τὸ στρατιωτικὸν τὸ ἀναίμακτον αἵματι καὶ λόγῳ, καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν αὐτοῖς ἐνεχείρισεν. σάλπιγξ ἐστὶ Χριστοῦ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον αὐτοῦ· ὁ μὲν ἐσάλπισεν, ἡμεῖς δὲ ἠκούσαμεν. ἐξοπλισώμεθα εἰρηνικῶς, ἐνδυσάμενοι τὸν θώρακα τῆς δικαιοσύνης καὶ τὴν ἀσπίδα τῆς πίστεως ἀναλαβόντες καὶ τὴν κόρυν τοῦ σωτηρίου περιθέμενοι καὶ τὴν μάχαιραν τοῦ πνεύματος, ὃ ἐστι ῥῆμα θεοῦ, ἀκονήσωμεν. οὕτως ἡμᾶς ὁ ἀπόστολος εἰρηνικῶς ἐκτάττει· ταῦτα ἡμῶν τὰ ὅπλα τὰ ἄτρωτα· τούτοις ἐξοπλισάμενοι παραταξώμεθα τῷ πονηρῷ· τὰ πεπυρακτωμένα τοῦ πονηροῦ ἀποσβέσωμεν βέλη ταῖς ὑδατίναις ἀκμαῖς ταῖς ὑπὸ τοῦ λόγου βεβαμμέναις, εὐχαρίστοις ἀμειβόμενοι τὰς εὐποιίας εὐλογίαις καὶ τὸν θεὸν τῷ θείῳ γεραίροντες λόγῳ. ἔτι γὰρ λαλοῦντός σου ἐρεῖ, φησίν, ἰδοὺ πάρειμι. Ὢ τῆς ἁγίας καὶ μακαρίας ταύτης δυνάμεως, δι’ ἧς ἀνθρώποις συμπολιτεύεται θεός. λῷον οὖν καὶ ἄμεινον τῆς ἀρίστης τῶν ὄντων οὐσίας μιμητὴν ὁμοῦ καὶ θεραπευτὴν γενέσθαι· οὐ γὰρ μιμεῖσθαί τις δυνήσεται τὸν θεὸν ἢ δι’ ὧν ὁσίως θεραπεύει οὐδ’ αὖ θεραπεύειν καὶ σέβειν ἢ μιμούμενος. ὅ γέ τοι οὐράνιος καὶ θεῖος ὄντως ἔρως ταύτῃ προσγίνεται τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, ὅταν ἐν αὐτῇ που τῇ ψυχῇ τὸ ὄντως καλὸν ὑπὸ τοῦ θείου λόγου ἀναζωπυρούμενον ἐκλάμπειν δυνηθῇ· καὶ τὸ μέγιστον, ἅμα τῷ βουληθῆναι γνησίως τὸ σωθῆναι συντρέχει, ὁμοζυγούντων, ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, προαιρέσεως καὶ ζωῆς. τοιγάρτοι μόνη αὕτη ἡ τῆς ἀληθείας προτροπὴ τοῖς πιστοτάτοις ἀπείκασται τῶν φίλων μέχρι τῆς ἐσχάτης ἀναπνοῆς παραμένουσα καὶ παραπομπὸς ἀγαθὴ ὅλῳ καὶ τελείῳ τῷ τῆς ψυχῆς πνεύματι τοῖς εἰς οὐρανὸν ἀπαίρουσι γενομένη. τί δή σε προτρέπω; σωθῆναί σε ἐπείγομαι. τοῦτο Χριστὸς βούλεται· ἑνὶ λόγῳ ζωήν σοι χαρίζεται. καὶ τίς ἐστιν οὗτος; μάθε συντόμως· λόγος ἀληθείας, λόγος ἀφθαρσίας, ὁ ἀναγεννῶν τὸν ἄνθρωπον, εἰς ἀλήθειαν αὐτὸν ἀναφέρων, τὸ κέντρον τῆς σωτηρίας, ὁ ἐξελαύνων τὴν φθοράν, ὁ ἐκδιώκων τὸν θάνατον, ὁ ἐν ἀνθρώποις οἰκοδομήσας νεών, ἵνα ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἱδρύσῃ τὸν θεόν. ἅγνισον τὸν νεών, καὶ τὰς ἡδονὰς καὶ τὰς ῥᾳθυμίας ὥσπερ ἄνθος ἐφήμερον καταλίμπανε ἀνέμῳ καὶ πυρί, σωφροσύνης δὲ τοὺς καρποὺς γεώργησον ἐμφρόνως, καὶ σεαυτὸν ἀκροθίνιον ἀνάστησον τῷ θεῷ, ὅπως οὐκ ἔργον μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ χάρις ᾖς τοῦ θεοῦ· πρέπει δὲ ἄμφω τῷ Χριστοῦ γνωρίμῳ, καὶ βασιλείας ἄξιον φανῆναι καὶ βασιλείας κατηξιῶσθαι.

Consider for a little, if you will, the divine kindness from the beginning. The first man, when he was in paradise, played freely, since he was a child of God; but when, falling under pleasure (the serpent is an allegory of pleasure crawling on its belly, an earthly vice, nourished for matter), he was led astray by desires, the child, coming to manhood through disobedience and refusing to listen to his father, was ashamed before God. Such was the power of pleasure: the man who through simplicity was free was found bound by sins. The Lord wished to free him again from his bonds, and, binding himself in flesh (this is a divine mystery), he subdued the serpent and enslaved the tyrant, death; and, most wonderful of all, that man who had been led astray by pleasure, who had been bound by corruption, he showed to be free, with hands outstretched. O mystic wonder! The Lord has been laid low, and man has risen up; and he who fell from paradise receives a greater prize for obedience: the heavens. Therefore it seems to me that, since the Word himself has come to us from heaven, we ought no longer to go to human teaching, busily searching out Athens and the rest of Greece, and Ionia besides. For if our teacher is he who filled all things with holy powers, with creation, salvation, beneficence, lawgiving, prophecy and teaching, then the teacher now instructs [us in] all things, and the whole world has already become Athens and Greece through the Word. For surely you will not have believed a poetic myth that records Minos the Cretan as the familiar companion of Zeus, and yet disbelieve us, who have become disciples of God and have taken up the wisdom that is truly real, which the foremost of philosophy only hinted at, but which the disciples of Christ have both grasped and proclaimed. And indeed the whole Christ, so to speak, is not divided: there is neither barbarian nor Jew nor Greek, not male, not female, but a new man, refashioned by the Holy Spirit of God. Then, the other counsels and precepts are meagre and concern particular matters: whether one should marry, whether take part in public life, whether have children; but the only universal exhortation, one that plainly bears on the whole of life, at every moment, in every circumstance, reaching toward the supreme end, life, is reverence for God; and according to it alone we must live, so that we may live forever. Philosophy, as the elders say, is a long-drawn-out counsel, wooing the eternal love of wisdom; but the commandment of the Lord shines far, enlightening the eyes. Receive Christ, receive sight, receive your light, so that you may know well both god and man. Desirable is the Word who has enlightened us, more than gold and precious stone; he is sweeter than honey and the honeycomb. For how is he not desirable, who made clear the mind that had been buried in darkness and sharpened the light-bearing eyes of the soul? For just as, if there were no sun, all things would be night for all the other stars, so, if we had not known the Word and been illuminated by him, we would be no better than fowls being fattened, fattened in darkness and reared for death. Let us make room for the light, so that we may make room for God; let us make room for the light and become disciples of the Lord. This indeed is what he has promised the Father: I will declare your name to my brothers; in the midst of the assembly I will sing your praise. Sing and declare to me God your Father: your declarations will save, your song will instruct me. Until now I wandered seeking God; but since you light my way, Lord, and I find God through you and receive the Father from you, I become your joint heir, since you were not ashamed of your brother. Let us take away, then, let us take away the forgetting of the truth; clearing away the ignorance and the darkness that stand in the way like a mist over the sight, let us behold the God who truly is, first raising to him this cry of praise: Hail, light! A light from heaven has shone forth upon us who were buried in darkness and shut up in the shadow of death, purer than the sun, sweeter than the life here. That light is eternal life, and whatever has shared in it lives; and night fears the light and, setting out of fear, gives way to the day of the Lord. All things have become sleepless light, and the setting has turned into a rising. This is what the new creation has meant; for the sun of righteousness, who rides over all things, ranges equally over humankind, imitating the Father, who makes his sun rise upon all men, and sprinkles down the dew of truth. He has changed the setting into a rising and crucified death into life; and snatching man out of destruction he has hung him up to the sky, transplanting corruption into incorruption and changing earth into heaven, he the husbandman of God, giving favourable signs, rousing the peoples to good work, reminding them of true livelihood, and granting us the Father's inheritance, truly great and divine and inalienable, making man divine by heavenly teaching, putting laws into their mind and writing them on [their] heart. What laws does he inscribe? That all shall know God, from small to great; and I will be merciful to them, says God, and I will not remember their sins. Let us receive the laws of life, let us obey God when he exhorts us, let us learn him, so that he may be merciful; let us pay him, though he needs nothing, a grateful wage for the good we enjoy, piety, as a kind of rent to God for our dwelling here. Gold for bronze, a hundred oxen's worth for nine. For a little faith he gives you this great earth to till, water to drink and other water to sail, air to breathe, fire to serve you, a world to live in; he has allowed you to send out a colony from here to the heavens; all these great works and gifts he has let out to you for a little faith. Then, those who have trusted in sorcerers accept amulets and incantations as supposedly bringing safety, and do you not wish to fasten on yourselves the heavenly one himself, the saving Word, and, trusting in the incantation of God, to be freed from passions, which are the diseases of the soul, and torn away from sin? For sin is eternal death. Truly, utterly toothless and blind like moles, you spend your lives in darkness doing nothing but eating, wasting away in corruption. But there is, there is the truth that has cried out: Out of darkness light shall shine. Let the light shine, then, in the hidden part of man, in the heart, and let the rays of knowledge rise, revealing and making shine forth the man hidden within, the disciple of the light, the friend and joint heir of Christ, especially when the most precious and most venerable name of a good father has come to the knowledge of a pious and good child, a father who commands gentle things and enjoins on his child what brings salvation. He who obeys him gains in every way: he follows God, he obeys the Father, he has come to know him while astray, he has loved God, he has loved his neighbour, he has fulfilled the commandment, he seeks the prize, he claims the promise. It is always God's purpose to save the flock of men. For this reason the good God sent the good shepherd; and the Word, unfolding the truth, showed men the height of salvation, so that they might either repent and be saved, or refuse to obey and be judged. This is the proclamation of righteousness: to those who obey, good news; to those who refuse to hear, a court of judgement. But the loud-clamouring trumpet, when it sounds, gathers soldiers and proclaims war; and shall not Christ, who has breathed a melody of peace to the ends of the earth, gather his own soldiers of peace? He has indeed gathered, O man, by blood and by the Word, his bloodless army, and has entrusted to them the kingdom of heaven. Christ's trumpet is his gospel: he has sounded it, and we have heard. Let us arm ourselves in peace, putting on the breastplate of righteousness and taking up the shield of faith and setting on the helmet of salvation; and let us sharpen the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. So the apostle draws us up in peaceful array. These are our invulnerable arms; armed with these, let us form our line against the evil one; let us quench the fiery darts of the evil one with the watery points tempered by the Word, repaying his good deeds with thankful blessings and honouring God with the divine Word. For while you are still speaking, it says, he will say: Here I am. O this holy and blessed power, through which God shares citizenship with men! It is better, then, and finer to become at once an imitator and a servant of the best of all beings; for no one will be able to imitate God except through the things by which he serves him in holiness, nor again to serve and revere him except by imitating him. The heavenly and truly divine love comes to men in this way, when somewhere in the soul itself the truly beautiful, rekindled by the divine Word, is able to shine forth; and, greatest of all, salvation runs together with the genuine wish to be saved, will and life being yoked together, so to speak. Therefore this exhortation of the truth alone is likened to the most faithful of friends, staying with us until our last breath, and proving, by the whole and perfect spirit of the soul, a good escort to those who depart for heaven. Why, then, do I exhort you? I am eager for you to be saved. This is what Christ wills; in a word, he grants you life. And who is he? Learn briefly: the Word of truth, the Word of incorruption, who regenerates man and brings him back up to the truth; the goad of salvation; who drives out corruption, who chases away death; who has built a temple in men, so that he may establish God in men. Purify the temple; and leave pleasures and idleness, like a flower of a day, to wind and fire; but cultivate wisely the fruits of self-control, and set yourself up as a first-fruits offering to God, so that you may be not only the work but also the grace of God; and both befit the friend of Christ: to appear worthy of the kingdom, and to have been deemed worthy of the kingdom.